Bulimia may lead to a significant loss of weight (although not always). If vomiting are frequent, it will dehydrate the body will weaken and paralyze. Patients usually fall into depression, and sometimes suicide.
What are the main signs of bulimia?
depression, guilt and hatred of himself;
feeling of lack of self-control;
unduly strict self-criticism;
constant need for approval from others of the performed actions;
distorted picture of the rate of its own weight.
Heavy bulimia requiring inpatient treatment are typical:
fluctuations in body weight (5-10 kg up and down);
chronic irritation of the throat;
fatigue and muscle pain;
shedding of the teeth;
swelling of the parotid gland.
How to treat bulimia?
You should know that the sooner treatment is started, the more effective and cheaper it is - you can get away with only qualified psychotherapy.
The best results given the combination of psychotherapy (individual and family) dietary management and medication.
Specialised treatment is essential as the disease requires not only physical but also psychological support. This treatment involves the monitoring and regulation of food habits and health counseling or psychotherapy.
In general, treatment should aim to restore inner balance in the patient, which will allow him to achieve optimal control of their behavior. Because bulimia is triggered due to some internal failure, some frustration, that lack, that frustration has to be filled. The patient should feel the full support and commitment from their relatives / especially his partner /. He needs their unconditional love and you get it. This is the most important condition for the successful treatment of bulimia.
петък, 7 ноември 2014 г.
Bulimia causes of disease and treatment-fifth
lowered self-esteem; life centered on food and their figure; fixation on the need for tax increases drive for food; detachment from the friendly environment; recognition of the existence of hunger; increased sexual activity; need to make hoarding products; tendency to theft of products from refrigerators or in stores.
Initiative study and selection of the necessary treatment of the patient from bulimia must belong to the parents or relatives. Excessive increased appetite needed psychological counseling, endocrinologist, gastroenterologist, psihonevrolog and geneticist. The earlier detect the cause of bulimia, the higher is the effectiveness of the treatment. In no case should be promoted resorting to magic / magic / miraculous means burning fat and preparations for weight loss. Only a doctor can assess the patient's condition and give Recommendations for the treatment of specific dietary supplements.
People suffering from bulimia need primarily sensitive attitude! They feel deeply unhappy and confused. They experience depression, anxiety and complex for their own bankruptcy. Therefore psychotherapeutic correction is carried out long and gradual.
The most common cause for this disorder is depression. State of apathy, despair often offset by too greedily and uncontrolled eating, as patients absorb very high carb food, sweets. Favorites for bulimitsite are ice cream, candy, desserts, creams that are highly sweetened. When you get into bulimia crisis, some women can swallow over 3000 calories for two hours, then began to torture diets appears to be frustration, even despair weak will to avoid crises. We already said that the obsession with elegance can also be the cause of bulimia, although most infected women are not very thick as find a way to dispose of a large amount of food.
In what may be recognized bulimia? Primarily in uncontrolled nutrition, overuse of diuretics and laxatives medicines. Often appear swollen lymph glands in the neck, seemingly unnecessarily bloating, swelling of the stomach, constipation. In more severe cases, to reach the vomiting of blood fluid, dehydration, liver disease and kidney. The end result can be a severe heart failure.
It has been shown that many anorexics eventually develop bulimia. A new disease-related nutrition problems occur in the foreseeable time. Ortoreksiyata nervous obsession with healthy lifestyle. Although relatively new and poorly studied this disease now covers socially significant parts of the population, not only in the US and Europe, but also in our country.
In practice it turns out that anorexia, bulimia and ortoreksiyata closing a vicious circle from which exit is impossible without skilled care.
Bulimia is a disease in which attacks of ravenous eating followed by self-enforced vomiting often done in secret. Most common among women between 15 and 30 years old and suffering from anorexia as they obsessive fear of weight gain, which actually causes vomiting. Some patients use laxatives means to quickly throw food.
Initiative study and selection of the necessary treatment of the patient from bulimia must belong to the parents or relatives. Excessive increased appetite needed psychological counseling, endocrinologist, gastroenterologist, psihonevrolog and geneticist. The earlier detect the cause of bulimia, the higher is the effectiveness of the treatment. In no case should be promoted resorting to magic / magic / miraculous means burning fat and preparations for weight loss. Only a doctor can assess the patient's condition and give Recommendations for the treatment of specific dietary supplements.
People suffering from bulimia need primarily sensitive attitude! They feel deeply unhappy and confused. They experience depression, anxiety and complex for their own bankruptcy. Therefore psychotherapeutic correction is carried out long and gradual.
The most common cause for this disorder is depression. State of apathy, despair often offset by too greedily and uncontrolled eating, as patients absorb very high carb food, sweets. Favorites for bulimitsite are ice cream, candy, desserts, creams that are highly sweetened. When you get into bulimia crisis, some women can swallow over 3000 calories for two hours, then began to torture diets appears to be frustration, even despair weak will to avoid crises. We already said that the obsession with elegance can also be the cause of bulimia, although most infected women are not very thick as find a way to dispose of a large amount of food.
In what may be recognized bulimia? Primarily in uncontrolled nutrition, overuse of diuretics and laxatives medicines. Often appear swollen lymph glands in the neck, seemingly unnecessarily bloating, swelling of the stomach, constipation. In more severe cases, to reach the vomiting of blood fluid, dehydration, liver disease and kidney. The end result can be a severe heart failure.
It has been shown that many anorexics eventually develop bulimia. A new disease-related nutrition problems occur in the foreseeable time. Ortoreksiyata nervous obsession with healthy lifestyle. Although relatively new and poorly studied this disease now covers socially significant parts of the population, not only in the US and Europe, but also in our country.
In practice it turns out that anorexia, bulimia and ortoreksiyata closing a vicious circle from which exit is impossible without skilled care.
Bulimia is a disease in which attacks of ravenous eating followed by self-enforced vomiting often done in secret. Most common among women between 15 and 30 years old and suffering from anorexia as they obsessive fear of weight gain, which actually causes vomiting. Some patients use laxatives means to quickly throw food.
Bulimia causes of disease and treatment-Part Four
causes
They are complex, the most important are the psychological, social, cultural and genetic reasons.
Most often bulimic crises triggered by stress associated with increasing voltage. But the disease was conceived long before. It is believed that the beginnings of bulimia are rooted more in the embryonic period of human development.
Psycho-emotional climate in which the pregnancy, the behavior of the pregnant woman and her relatives are crucial. Inappropriate attitude and all the negative experiences during this period led to damage the psyche of the child. More then sow the seeds of guilt that thrive later in the form of bulimic crises / uncontrolled ingestion of food / who are stereotyped way to relieve distress.
Bulimia is a lack of unconditional love from parents. Overeating is a kind of protest, a cry for help, compensatory / but satisfying / saturation of the senses, speaks of a certain infantilism.
Irregular and incomplete emptying of the colon also creates conditions for the development of bulimia. Due to the constant feeling of fullness in the abdomen, such people almost constantly hungry. But sometimes overcomes hunger and they frantically absorb any trapped their food in large quantities. Then clogged stomach makes them vomit.
Causes of bulimia are few. Firstly, it is the middle of the living. Sexual abuse, prolonged depression, and the pressure of the culture medium. This usually happens when dancers and athletes. Psychogenic causes of bulimia:
Violation of the family relationships. Development of gluttony is a reaction to a conflict between mother and daughter. Often patients with bulimia start using a huge amount of food when considered rejected and unnecessary when they lack affection and tenderness. Spiritual isolation. For example, change in appetite can develop in a stable relationship breakup, divorce or death of a loved one. Then the food becomes a source of positive emotions and defense mechanism of depression, drug fear.
Social causes of bulimia:
Pretension and high ambitions of parents; insufficient attention to the patient when he was a child; only child in the family; long watching TV constantly snack - chips, crackers, nuts, etc .; laziness and low physical activity; amending the present standard figure.
Nervous bulimia predominantly affects girls and young women. Increased hunger arises, as a rule, once a day and is removed with the adoption of high-calorie food, followed emesis, ie for bulimia nervosa is characterized by the cycle: food-vomiting. The purpose of weight loss induced vomiting, striving for elegance or a desire for relief from obesity. In addition to all the patients using laxatives and diuretics artificial gastric emptying and weight reduction, actively engaged in exercise. But despite all efforts, the body mass neuklonno still increased and the vicious circle feeding - vomiting re-uptake of large quantities of food continues.
Physical signs of bulimia nervosa:
Weight gain; swelling of salivary glands due to vomiting; failure of tooth enamel because of contact with the acidic contents of the stomach; redness of the mouth combined with small petechial hemorrhages; muscular weakness associated with ingestion of diuretic agents and remove salts from the body; attacks of pain in the heart and changes in the electrocardiogram; abdominal pain; attacks? voracious appetite? night; cessation of menstruation, impaired sleep.
Psychological portrait of a patient with bulimia:
Tendency to stockpile; egoisticheski pointless wasteful of valuable products for nutrition; prevalence of depressive mood; hysterical manifestations; reclusiveness; increased rigor to themselves and to others combined with selfishness;
They are complex, the most important are the psychological, social, cultural and genetic reasons.
Most often bulimic crises triggered by stress associated with increasing voltage. But the disease was conceived long before. It is believed that the beginnings of bulimia are rooted more in the embryonic period of human development.
Psycho-emotional climate in which the pregnancy, the behavior of the pregnant woman and her relatives are crucial. Inappropriate attitude and all the negative experiences during this period led to damage the psyche of the child. More then sow the seeds of guilt that thrive later in the form of bulimic crises / uncontrolled ingestion of food / who are stereotyped way to relieve distress.
Bulimia is a lack of unconditional love from parents. Overeating is a kind of protest, a cry for help, compensatory / but satisfying / saturation of the senses, speaks of a certain infantilism.
Irregular and incomplete emptying of the colon also creates conditions for the development of bulimia. Due to the constant feeling of fullness in the abdomen, such people almost constantly hungry. But sometimes overcomes hunger and they frantically absorb any trapped their food in large quantities. Then clogged stomach makes them vomit.
Causes of bulimia are few. Firstly, it is the middle of the living. Sexual abuse, prolonged depression, and the pressure of the culture medium. This usually happens when dancers and athletes. Psychogenic causes of bulimia:
Violation of the family relationships. Development of gluttony is a reaction to a conflict between mother and daughter. Often patients with bulimia start using a huge amount of food when considered rejected and unnecessary when they lack affection and tenderness. Spiritual isolation. For example, change in appetite can develop in a stable relationship breakup, divorce or death of a loved one. Then the food becomes a source of positive emotions and defense mechanism of depression, drug fear.
Social causes of bulimia:
Pretension and high ambitions of parents; insufficient attention to the patient when he was a child; only child in the family; long watching TV constantly snack - chips, crackers, nuts, etc .; laziness and low physical activity; amending the present standard figure.
Nervous bulimia predominantly affects girls and young women. Increased hunger arises, as a rule, once a day and is removed with the adoption of high-calorie food, followed emesis, ie for bulimia nervosa is characterized by the cycle: food-vomiting. The purpose of weight loss induced vomiting, striving for elegance or a desire for relief from obesity. In addition to all the patients using laxatives and diuretics artificial gastric emptying and weight reduction, actively engaged in exercise. But despite all efforts, the body mass neuklonno still increased and the vicious circle feeding - vomiting re-uptake of large quantities of food continues.
Physical signs of bulimia nervosa:
Weight gain; swelling of salivary glands due to vomiting; failure of tooth enamel because of contact with the acidic contents of the stomach; redness of the mouth combined with small petechial hemorrhages; muscular weakness associated with ingestion of diuretic agents and remove salts from the body; attacks of pain in the heart and changes in the electrocardiogram; abdominal pain; attacks? voracious appetite? night; cessation of menstruation, impaired sleep.
Psychological portrait of a patient with bulimia:
Tendency to stockpile; egoisticheski pointless wasteful of valuable products for nutrition; prevalence of depressive mood; hysterical manifestations; reclusiveness; increased rigor to themselves and to others combined with selfishness;
Bulimia causes of disease and treatment-Part Three
Pathophysiology
The reason is not completely known but it is assumed that there is a reduced synthesis of serotonin in the brain (hiposeroenergichno state), which results in reduced feelings of satiety and increased desire for food intake;
Subjecting diets can lead to a decrease in the level of plasma tryptophan, and further decrease of serotonin. Ingestion of food is also controlled by other nevrotranzmiteri (norepinephrine and neuropeptide ...).
psychopharmacology
Including psihofarma in the process of treating bulimia is optional and the discretion of the attending physician.
In bulimia often observed depressive symptoms as a result of problems associated with eating disorders. There are patients who respond to the inclusion of antidepressants, especially in terms of the frequency of bouts of overeating. It is noteworthy that for the treatment of eating disorders are needed higher doses than in the treatment of patients with depression. But should not be expected therapeutic effect beyond the period of administration.
Preparations of a group of SSRI, MAOI, Trazodone proven effectiveness (81, p.59). Recommended higher doses to be effective (Fluoxetine 60mg QD often recommended in the treatment of bulimia). Must be used carefully because they need a diet free of tyramine.
Ch.Nemeroff reported that sometimes you have to try several different antidepressants before to achieve a result. Bupropion is not recommended for eating disorders because of the risk of seizures.
As a side effect (often transient or mild form) can be observed lift, increased impulsivity, inner restlessness. There is evidence that these substances reduce the likelihood of recurrence. If the patient is not affected by an antidepressant for 2-3 weeks, detection of the level of the plasma can be confirmed that the dose not been administered to the patient, or have been affected by the purging.
In the context of what can be assumed that concomitant medication with atnidepresanti recommended primarily for severe cases of bulimia, which are difficult to psychotherapy.
Along with antidepressants in patients with bulimia have tested numerous other substances acting on brain functions (among them applied initially to treat spasticity karbamatsepin antagonist of opiatitenalokson and also L-tryptophan). All of them, however, did not show a significant positive effect.
Severely malnourished patients are at increased risk of side effects during treatment with psihofarma.
No data for the positive response to antisiolititsi in an attempt to reverse the anxiety svaraana with food intake.
Typical depressive background in the development of eating disorder often docked with antidepressants. Their role is primarily directed to the accompanying mental illness symptoms
The reason is not completely known but it is assumed that there is a reduced synthesis of serotonin in the brain (hiposeroenergichno state), which results in reduced feelings of satiety and increased desire for food intake;
Subjecting diets can lead to a decrease in the level of plasma tryptophan, and further decrease of serotonin. Ingestion of food is also controlled by other nevrotranzmiteri (norepinephrine and neuropeptide ...).
psychopharmacology
Including psihofarma in the process of treating bulimia is optional and the discretion of the attending physician.
In bulimia often observed depressive symptoms as a result of problems associated with eating disorders. There are patients who respond to the inclusion of antidepressants, especially in terms of the frequency of bouts of overeating. It is noteworthy that for the treatment of eating disorders are needed higher doses than in the treatment of patients with depression. But should not be expected therapeutic effect beyond the period of administration.
Preparations of a group of SSRI, MAOI, Trazodone proven effectiveness (81, p.59). Recommended higher doses to be effective (Fluoxetine 60mg QD often recommended in the treatment of bulimia). Must be used carefully because they need a diet free of tyramine.
Ch.Nemeroff reported that sometimes you have to try several different antidepressants before to achieve a result. Bupropion is not recommended for eating disorders because of the risk of seizures.
As a side effect (often transient or mild form) can be observed lift, increased impulsivity, inner restlessness. There is evidence that these substances reduce the likelihood of recurrence. If the patient is not affected by an antidepressant for 2-3 weeks, detection of the level of the plasma can be confirmed that the dose not been administered to the patient, or have been affected by the purging.
In the context of what can be assumed that concomitant medication with atnidepresanti recommended primarily for severe cases of bulimia, which are difficult to psychotherapy.
Along with antidepressants in patients with bulimia have tested numerous other substances acting on brain functions (among them applied initially to treat spasticity karbamatsepin antagonist of opiatitenalokson and also L-tryptophan). All of them, however, did not show a significant positive effect.
Severely malnourished patients are at increased risk of side effects during treatment with psihofarma.
No data for the positive response to antisiolititsi in an attempt to reverse the anxiety svaraana with food intake.
Typical depressive background in the development of eating disorder often docked with antidepressants. Their role is primarily directed to the accompanying mental illness symptoms
Bulimia causes of disease and treatment-Part Two
psychopathology
Bulimichkite personality is characterized by emotional lability, impulsivity, internal stress, anxiety, guilt, vulnerability, depression, neinitsiativnost, numbness, coldness - the absence of empatichnost.
According to A. Hiller almost half of patients with bulimia who undergo clinical treatment, both suffer from depressive symptoms. It is assumed that the reduced level of noradrenaline is a neurobiological link between body and mental state. It is possible for depressive able to contribute and psychodynamic aspects such as food processing depressive disorder or resulting social complications.
There is razsroystvo impulse control, have limited tolerance to frustration.
Disrupted social relationships, unstable pattern of interpersonal relations and here - fear in communication, which can lead to more serious mental disorders, accompanied by attacks of fear and panic.
Dissatisfied with yourself and your body, some seek satisfaction and self-assertion in alcohol, drugs and / or increased promiscuity. And hence an increased risk to develop alcohol or other addiction.
Were recorded and self-harming behaviors tendencies and actions.
According to various research teams - from 2% to 47% of the clinical studies provide evidence that among personality disorders with dramatic emotional traits (ie. Histrionna person) is often diagnosed border - borderline personality disorders.
Bulimichkite personality is characterized by emotional lability, impulsivity, internal stress, anxiety, guilt, vulnerability, depression, neinitsiativnost, numbness, coldness - the absence of empatichnost.
According to A. Hiller almost half of patients with bulimia who undergo clinical treatment, both suffer from depressive symptoms. It is assumed that the reduced level of noradrenaline is a neurobiological link between body and mental state. It is possible for depressive able to contribute and psychodynamic aspects such as food processing depressive disorder or resulting social complications.
There is razsroystvo impulse control, have limited tolerance to frustration.
Disrupted social relationships, unstable pattern of interpersonal relations and here - fear in communication, which can lead to more serious mental disorders, accompanied by attacks of fear and panic.
Dissatisfied with yourself and your body, some seek satisfaction and self-assertion in alcohol, drugs and / or increased promiscuity. And hence an increased risk to develop alcohol or other addiction.
Were recorded and self-harming behaviors tendencies and actions.
According to various research teams - from 2% to 47% of the clinical studies provide evidence that among personality disorders with dramatic emotional traits (ie. Histrionna person) is often diagnosed border - borderline personality disorders.
Bulimia causes of disease and treatment-Part One
The term should be restricted to those forms of the disorder, which have the same psychopathology as anorexia nervosa. The distribution by age and sex is the same as in anorexia nervosa, but occurs in a slightly older age. The breach may be regarded as a consequence of a persistent anorexia nervosa (although the reverse sequence is also possible
To insert the definite diagnosis of bulimia nervosa is necessary that all the following conditions in ICD 10:
continuous preoccupation regarding eating irresistible attraction to food
patient is prone to episodes of overeating, it consumes a large amount of food in a short time;
patient attempts to counteract weight gain from ingested by one or more of the following: induced vomiting, abuse of purgatives, alternating periods of fasting, medications to suppress appetite, thyroid preparations or diuretics. Diabetic patients suffering from bulimia nervosa may abandon the treatment with insulin;
psychopathology results in a fear of obesity disease and the patient to determine the legally strictly limited weight - well below the level of the premorbid weight, which can be considered as optimal, or healthy, from the perspective of the physician. Often, but not always, have a previous history of anorexia nervosa, with a duration of several months to several years. This episode may have been pushing expressed or was evident in lighter and disguised with moderate weight loss and / or phase of the previous amenorrhea.
INCLUDES: bulimia, unspecified; hiperoreksiya neurosis.
Differential diagnosis:
Includes upper dyspeptic syndrome, leading to repeated vomiting (typical psychopathology absent); more general personality abnormality as eating disorders can sazhitelsvta with alcohol dependence and some not very serious antisocial activities (eg petty theft in stores); depressive disorders (as patients with bulimia nervosa often reveal depressive symptoms).
ATYPICAL bulimia nervosa - F-50.3
This term should not be used for patients who are missing one or more of the main features characteristic of bulimia nervosa (F-50.2), but regardless of this, there is a typical clinical picture. Most often, this applies to patients with normal or even beyond the normal weight, but with typical periods of binge eating followed by vomiting or receiving purge. There are rare and partial syndromes with depressive symptoms, but if depressive symptoms justify placing a separate diagnosis of depressive disorder, then it is appropriate to fit two separate diagnoses.
Includes: bulimia at normal weight.
According to DSM - 4 to diagnose bulimia, it takes at least two attacks per week for a period of three months.
The age of onset of the disorder most often is called puberty. "Teenage" age or early adulthood.
To insert the definite diagnosis of bulimia nervosa is necessary that all the following conditions in ICD 10:
continuous preoccupation regarding eating irresistible attraction to food
patient is prone to episodes of overeating, it consumes a large amount of food in a short time;
patient attempts to counteract weight gain from ingested by one or more of the following: induced vomiting, abuse of purgatives, alternating periods of fasting, medications to suppress appetite, thyroid preparations or diuretics. Diabetic patients suffering from bulimia nervosa may abandon the treatment with insulin;
psychopathology results in a fear of obesity disease and the patient to determine the legally strictly limited weight - well below the level of the premorbid weight, which can be considered as optimal, or healthy, from the perspective of the physician. Often, but not always, have a previous history of anorexia nervosa, with a duration of several months to several years. This episode may have been pushing expressed or was evident in lighter and disguised with moderate weight loss and / or phase of the previous amenorrhea.
INCLUDES: bulimia, unspecified; hiperoreksiya neurosis.
Differential diagnosis:
Includes upper dyspeptic syndrome, leading to repeated vomiting (typical psychopathology absent); more general personality abnormality as eating disorders can sazhitelsvta with alcohol dependence and some not very serious antisocial activities (eg petty theft in stores); depressive disorders (as patients with bulimia nervosa often reveal depressive symptoms).
ATYPICAL bulimia nervosa - F-50.3
This term should not be used for patients who are missing one or more of the main features characteristic of bulimia nervosa (F-50.2), but regardless of this, there is a typical clinical picture. Most often, this applies to patients with normal or even beyond the normal weight, but with typical periods of binge eating followed by vomiting or receiving purge. There are rare and partial syndromes with depressive symptoms, but if depressive symptoms justify placing a separate diagnosis of depressive disorder, then it is appropriate to fit two separate diagnoses.
Includes: bulimia at normal weight.
According to DSM - 4 to diagnose bulimia, it takes at least two attacks per week for a period of three months.
The age of onset of the disorder most often is called puberty. "Teenage" age or early adulthood.
вторник, 4 ноември 2014 г.
Mental development in children from six to nine years-Part Three
1. Social develop- Between 5th and 6th, the children play still isolated as their interactions are quite random in nature. Between the 6th and 8th, all entities of the group work in partnership. The child is now understood that it was just a kid, like the adults around him and his own super I help him understand that. It is now clear that it is not in the center of the sanctum, the world of adults is closed to nego.Deteto away from those contacts that are no longer so necessary for its security and run at their peers, among which is a lot more options show great and be accepted as such.
During this period, on the one hand there is growing trend towards independence and separation from the parents of the other hand of exhibits trend towards social dependency, the child is trying to attract the attention of peers using a variety of techniques. You can now watch games-related rules. Everyone tries to respect its rules, but at the same time controlling others not exceed theirs.
The emergence of groups and organized games proves that cooperation was possible, though not particularly stabilno. It confirmed the abundance of conflicts and quarrels. Often smaller imitation of the big game, do not properly understand and apply them randomly or unintentionally violate them.
Should be predvd that the child has no opportunity to choose their partners. Of previous stages are practically imposed by adults, depending on their social connections. Then be imposed by the school and by the more or less random distribution in classes or workshops. Therefore, are very crucial for the child externalities, it accepts their friends where they nameri- in the same class in the same apartment building or in the same neighborhood, without exercising real choice based on personal sympathies.
At the eighth year the child becomes very sensitive to public opinion to their peers. He is worried about his social success for its popularity, which supports as needed with small gifts.
Surely this popularity is not so important for parents who care more about the opinion that other peers have on their offspring. Very rare phenomena are families in which the child is prepared and trained in the light of social experience, which is going to school.
Experience and experience of the child within the group are very important for its development, because this is where it can get to know the reciprocity and solidarity, which are crucial for its development and future mental equilibrium.
It is in the inevitable disagreements he learns to assert their rights. If at the beginning makes it through bickering, insults and blows, it will soon make it through discussion. After a satisfying only hard thing clearly, or resorting to the famous "Dad told me '' by the seventh and eighth year trying to persuade their peers will look for arguments or evidence that will lead to their consent.
During this period, on the one hand there is growing trend towards independence and separation from the parents of the other hand of exhibits trend towards social dependency, the child is trying to attract the attention of peers using a variety of techniques. You can now watch games-related rules. Everyone tries to respect its rules, but at the same time controlling others not exceed theirs.
The emergence of groups and organized games proves that cooperation was possible, though not particularly stabilno. It confirmed the abundance of conflicts and quarrels. Often smaller imitation of the big game, do not properly understand and apply them randomly or unintentionally violate them.
Should be predvd that the child has no opportunity to choose their partners. Of previous stages are practically imposed by adults, depending on their social connections. Then be imposed by the school and by the more or less random distribution in classes or workshops. Therefore, are very crucial for the child externalities, it accepts their friends where they nameri- in the same class in the same apartment building or in the same neighborhood, without exercising real choice based on personal sympathies.
At the eighth year the child becomes very sensitive to public opinion to their peers. He is worried about his social success for its popularity, which supports as needed with small gifts.
Surely this popularity is not so important for parents who care more about the opinion that other peers have on their offspring. Very rare phenomena are families in which the child is prepared and trained in the light of social experience, which is going to school.
Experience and experience of the child within the group are very important for its development, because this is where it can get to know the reciprocity and solidarity, which are crucial for its development and future mental equilibrium.
It is in the inevitable disagreements he learns to assert their rights. If at the beginning makes it through bickering, insults and blows, it will soon make it through discussion. After a satisfying only hard thing clearly, or resorting to the famous "Dad told me '' by the seventh and eighth year trying to persuade their peers will look for arguments or evidence that will lead to their consent.
Mental development in children from six to nine years, part two
1. Emotional develop- characteristic of this period motsionalno regard is that the child suppresses extreme emotional fixation on the parent of the opposite sex and release aggression and fear of the parent of the opposite sex. Survive only tenderness, affection, supreme expressions of love, and my desire to be great, to be approved according to the sex to which it belongs. Love lost obsessive and absolute. Delivery of pleasure giving, small restrictions and sacrifice are required over the initial obsession and fear of emotional deprivation. The child begins to love people more objectively and more nuanced. Acquires the ability to form attachments to other people except to their parents.
The birth of another child in the family, razzhodat death or remarriage of a parent, are prerequisites for the emergence of different types of emotional regression, which raise difficulties again considered solved. All the emotional conflicts of early childhood that have remained lurking are able almost necessarily disturb this period and prevent the development of personality. Now the child has a past that is sometimes quite busy from educational point of view.
As a basic emotional reactions of this period may be mentioned the rivalry, jealousy, anger, as a result of the expansion of the emotional connections and attempts to organize collective activities. It should however be podchertaepo- great control over these events and their expression. 7, the child already "does not make a scene" if it is not satisfied determine whim or event of a conflict with a friend or parent. It quickly napaska place to go and cry or sulk in his corner, very ashamed if found in this condition. At this age already secrets that do not affect anyone. As a child things happen that do not translate directly to the external action. It needs to escape to a quiet isolated place to stay only with yourself. This is the age at which children must constantly be informed and to be reminded, because constantly "hovering somewhere." But this is the age in which love to listen to tales and legends, Cause both have a sort of inner self and mysterious future, to which the child is already aware that inevitably draws.
The huge expansion characteristic of the eighth year, does not stop this internal evolution. Regret, remorse, great sensitivity to the feelings and intentions prove it. Discuss child than with others and with ourselves and perceive many types of social behavior. Forming their consciences internalize the objective rules of the group and the family, it is learned is not everything he thinks and feels. Inner world and encourages certain duality appear first truly lies. There are children who lie more than others.
The frequency of lies grows in proportion to the severity of the elderly.
During this period, observed the existence of important changes relating to the search for sensual pleasures. Surely this area continuously engaged in the youngest child is now balanced by the important interests of another character. We can say that a child of 6 to 9 years is less sensual than 3-4, the
You should be accepted as a normal part of sexual development of some games and anatomical studies. These actions are more intellectual tone. Child seeking more knowledge than pleasure
The birth of another child in the family, razzhodat death or remarriage of a parent, are prerequisites for the emergence of different types of emotional regression, which raise difficulties again considered solved. All the emotional conflicts of early childhood that have remained lurking are able almost necessarily disturb this period and prevent the development of personality. Now the child has a past that is sometimes quite busy from educational point of view.
As a basic emotional reactions of this period may be mentioned the rivalry, jealousy, anger, as a result of the expansion of the emotional connections and attempts to organize collective activities. It should however be podchertaepo- great control over these events and their expression. 7, the child already "does not make a scene" if it is not satisfied determine whim or event of a conflict with a friend or parent. It quickly napaska place to go and cry or sulk in his corner, very ashamed if found in this condition. At this age already secrets that do not affect anyone. As a child things happen that do not translate directly to the external action. It needs to escape to a quiet isolated place to stay only with yourself. This is the age at which children must constantly be informed and to be reminded, because constantly "hovering somewhere." But this is the age in which love to listen to tales and legends, Cause both have a sort of inner self and mysterious future, to which the child is already aware that inevitably draws.
The huge expansion characteristic of the eighth year, does not stop this internal evolution. Regret, remorse, great sensitivity to the feelings and intentions prove it. Discuss child than with others and with ourselves and perceive many types of social behavior. Forming their consciences internalize the objective rules of the group and the family, it is learned is not everything he thinks and feels. Inner world and encourages certain duality appear first truly lies. There are children who lie more than others.
The frequency of lies grows in proportion to the severity of the elderly.
During this period, observed the existence of important changes relating to the search for sensual pleasures. Surely this area continuously engaged in the youngest child is now balanced by the important interests of another character. We can say that a child of 6 to 9 years is less sensual than 3-4, the
You should be accepted as a normal part of sexual development of some games and anatomical studies. These actions are more intellectual tone. Child seeking more knowledge than pleasure
Mental development of children from six to nine years
Mental development of children from six to nine years
During this period the event occurs essential for deteto- departure of the school. This is the first serious experience of the child outside the family environment, school environment is emotionally neutral to it. Free choice of activities in the games is replaced with daily Compulsory deyniost. From the sixth year onwards, reaching a level of maturity in the face of external demands and began to take shape responsibility. The school and the education that is offered will meet some of the children's curiosity, his need of realization of his desire to be great. His mind remains essentially concrete, as egocentrism disintegrates on contact with reality, learning and social interaction. Gradually the child begins to enter into society with their peers as part of the group that feels ravnopravno.Osnovnata concern is to find friends to compete with them and establish among them. For it is more important to comply with the standards of the group, rather than the desires of adults. Child away from contact with them. They are no longer so necessary for its security, and it is directed towards peers. Stands to independence and autonomy.
1. Motor napredak- After the sixth year the games are collective and organized. Both appear in the game rules and controls which each participant exercised over others in order, defending their own rights. Often have a rivalry, but also has mutual aid, cooperation, collectivity in a common goal and will to understand the other. Power motor with information about growing and important role began to play power games, gymnastics that stand high Pitch and durability. At the ninth year child Srem to fight to lift weights, to shine with physical strength and capabilities, going sometimes to extremes to exhaustion.
Coordination in turn develops. Six years old child can drive the ball to bounce in front of him and it captures. Trying to use tools or sewing needle large bodove.Po during the eighth year writing deal and becomes more skillful. Painting is a source of great satisfaction. In the ninth year development will continue in the direction of greater precision and durability. Team games and competitions will become a major ground for the further socialization.
2. Development of thought and logic-six year natakak Analytical thought becomes more and more sensitive to the objective connections. Seven years' age eraser "of self-criticism, a" but "," yet ". Reasoning, establishing connections between elements beyond mere assertion, based on faith in the desire to sensory illusions.
4 or 5 years the child is not interested in objective circumstances the activities of Santa Claus. What matters is that he brings gifts. 6 or 7, the gifts are not less important. On the contrary, desires are much more accurate, but the narrow chimney of the fireplace causing some concern and poses a question: "How is it possible to visit all the houses in one city for one night or both hands out gifts in different stores?" The child encounters material failure, which can be overcome only by faith.
Four or five stars, the child perceives as man-made and clouds as sentient beings. Between 6 and 9 years old, it rather assumes that they move any natural sili.Misleneto already exceeds the sensory impressions of the moment, when they coordinate with predini- flat cake of this is related to the ball game from a moment ago. Of intuitive thought becomes "operational" by grouping as a whole. During this period, the thought becomes more analytical, logical and coherent a density and consistency. After the seventh year jump in opportunities Zai holds their attention on objects and actions for a long time without using it. In brief permanently remains to them needful applicable is interested in it. Around the ninth year children begin to participate in team games and contiguous.
After six years the opportunities for increased memory, faster kids learn new terms and concepts, but prefer to memorize, n so far as to retell. Gradually improved to nine.
Practical intelligence becomes more efficient as a result of progress in thinking that is increasingly preceded and guided действието.Конструктивното handling plays such an important role that we legitimately speak of "technical age" after the sixth year.
During this period the event occurs essential for deteto- departure of the school. This is the first serious experience of the child outside the family environment, school environment is emotionally neutral to it. Free choice of activities in the games is replaced with daily Compulsory deyniost. From the sixth year onwards, reaching a level of maturity in the face of external demands and began to take shape responsibility. The school and the education that is offered will meet some of the children's curiosity, his need of realization of his desire to be great. His mind remains essentially concrete, as egocentrism disintegrates on contact with reality, learning and social interaction. Gradually the child begins to enter into society with their peers as part of the group that feels ravnopravno.Osnovnata concern is to find friends to compete with them and establish among them. For it is more important to comply with the standards of the group, rather than the desires of adults. Child away from contact with them. They are no longer so necessary for its security, and it is directed towards peers. Stands to independence and autonomy.
1. Motor napredak- After the sixth year the games are collective and organized. Both appear in the game rules and controls which each participant exercised over others in order, defending their own rights. Often have a rivalry, but also has mutual aid, cooperation, collectivity in a common goal and will to understand the other. Power motor with information about growing and important role began to play power games, gymnastics that stand high Pitch and durability. At the ninth year child Srem to fight to lift weights, to shine with physical strength and capabilities, going sometimes to extremes to exhaustion.
Coordination in turn develops. Six years old child can drive the ball to bounce in front of him and it captures. Trying to use tools or sewing needle large bodove.Po during the eighth year writing deal and becomes more skillful. Painting is a source of great satisfaction. In the ninth year development will continue in the direction of greater precision and durability. Team games and competitions will become a major ground for the further socialization.
2. Development of thought and logic-six year natakak Analytical thought becomes more and more sensitive to the objective connections. Seven years' age eraser "of self-criticism, a" but "," yet ". Reasoning, establishing connections between elements beyond mere assertion, based on faith in the desire to sensory illusions.
4 or 5 years the child is not interested in objective circumstances the activities of Santa Claus. What matters is that he brings gifts. 6 or 7, the gifts are not less important. On the contrary, desires are much more accurate, but the narrow chimney of the fireplace causing some concern and poses a question: "How is it possible to visit all the houses in one city for one night or both hands out gifts in different stores?" The child encounters material failure, which can be overcome only by faith.
Four or five stars, the child perceives as man-made and clouds as sentient beings. Between 6 and 9 years old, it rather assumes that they move any natural sili.Misleneto already exceeds the sensory impressions of the moment, when they coordinate with predini- flat cake of this is related to the ball game from a moment ago. Of intuitive thought becomes "operational" by grouping as a whole. During this period, the thought becomes more analytical, logical and coherent a density and consistency. After the seventh year jump in opportunities Zai holds their attention on objects and actions for a long time without using it. In brief permanently remains to them needful applicable is interested in it. Around the ninth year children begin to participate in team games and contiguous.
After six years the opportunities for increased memory, faster kids learn new terms and concepts, but prefer to memorize, n so far as to retell. Gradually improved to nine.
Practical intelligence becomes more efficient as a result of progress in thinking that is increasingly preceded and guided действието.Конструктивното handling plays such an important role that we legitimately speak of "technical age" after the sixth year.
Characteristics in bliznatsite- tenth
surrogate mothers
How are they on Earth - is unknown. As it is not known how many of them have grown up and live alongside us. Some other - most of those born of women terrestrial aliens take children with you.
In May 2001 young Australian Megan Liker returned home in the city. Perth, having served four years in the Army contract. Soon married. And perhaps her marriage would have been happy if it was not a coincidence: all attempts to get pregnant Megan remained unsuccessful.
She went to review. January Wee claimed result: her fertility bodies unaccountable way been aged and became like a 60 year old woman who gave birth to a dozen children.
Megan did not know what to think. Her lawyer advised her to take advantage of the benefits offered to Australian citizens received in injury or disability during military service. But when Megan left to form the necessary documents her expecting another blow: the archives of the defense ministry had no information that Miss Megan Liker served in the military.
She nearly collapsed from shock. After long persuasion her husband took her to a psychiatrist. During the hypnotic session Megan remembered that in the previous four years was never in the military, and in the grip of ... aliens!
Megan told under hypnosis that immediately after her abduction creatures with gray skin and huge eyes examined her and found basically that is in excellent health and has not yet been born. Then he sent a huge spaceship hidden in the unseen side of the moon.
Megan subsequent years compared to the lives of slaves in medieval galleys, which was read in childhood. Only "work" it was different: with six other women land located in the giant flying saucer, it constantly bear children hybrids. The aliens were staged its true factory humanoids using earth women acting as surrogate mothers.
"They used me as a sow - told Megan. - For four years I gave birth to forty-eight children!"
Such a fantastic fertility was due to the fact that aliens placed into the uterus of the surrogate mother at the same time four eggs artificially inseminated by aliens, and the duration of pregnancy was reduced to four months by using special preparations.
Newborn mutants, according to Megan, much like the earth children. The only difference was huge eyes. Immediately after birth the children were separated from the mother. After a few years of UFO genitals Megan Laker so worn that it lost any value for aliens. Ultimately it back to Earth, leaving her brain only memories she spent time in military service.
Look at your neighbor!
Famous Ufologist Brad Steiger allegedly hypnotic sessions conducted with 1,200 people who appear ... descendants of aliens.
"Practically all of their memories, dreams and visions are very similar - notes Steiger. - They told me about a planet with two moons and a feeling that their earthly parents are not their blood. Also reported that they feel very lonely and lost in this life. Some had vague memories of a crash and fire for a period of wandering and alienation. Many of the descendants of aliens saying, "it seems to me that soon there will be a great time. Very soon you will meet them again. "In his sleep heard calling:" Be prepared! "
The impression is that of the "star child" was commissioned to help the earthlings to prepare for the meeting with beings from other worlds. Another UFO scientist - Dr. Mandelkern, added to what his colleague following:
"They are among us, and their mission is meeting with the sentient beings of the universe."
"The absence of evidence is not evidence of absence"
How are they on Earth - is unknown. As it is not known how many of them have grown up and live alongside us. Some other - most of those born of women terrestrial aliens take children with you.
In May 2001 young Australian Megan Liker returned home in the city. Perth, having served four years in the Army contract. Soon married. And perhaps her marriage would have been happy if it was not a coincidence: all attempts to get pregnant Megan remained unsuccessful.
She went to review. January Wee claimed result: her fertility bodies unaccountable way been aged and became like a 60 year old woman who gave birth to a dozen children.
Megan did not know what to think. Her lawyer advised her to take advantage of the benefits offered to Australian citizens received in injury or disability during military service. But when Megan left to form the necessary documents her expecting another blow: the archives of the defense ministry had no information that Miss Megan Liker served in the military.
She nearly collapsed from shock. After long persuasion her husband took her to a psychiatrist. During the hypnotic session Megan remembered that in the previous four years was never in the military, and in the grip of ... aliens!
Megan told under hypnosis that immediately after her abduction creatures with gray skin and huge eyes examined her and found basically that is in excellent health and has not yet been born. Then he sent a huge spaceship hidden in the unseen side of the moon.
Megan subsequent years compared to the lives of slaves in medieval galleys, which was read in childhood. Only "work" it was different: with six other women land located in the giant flying saucer, it constantly bear children hybrids. The aliens were staged its true factory humanoids using earth women acting as surrogate mothers.
"They used me as a sow - told Megan. - For four years I gave birth to forty-eight children!"
Such a fantastic fertility was due to the fact that aliens placed into the uterus of the surrogate mother at the same time four eggs artificially inseminated by aliens, and the duration of pregnancy was reduced to four months by using special preparations.
Newborn mutants, according to Megan, much like the earth children. The only difference was huge eyes. Immediately after birth the children were separated from the mother. After a few years of UFO genitals Megan Laker so worn that it lost any value for aliens. Ultimately it back to Earth, leaving her brain only memories she spent time in military service.
Look at your neighbor!
Famous Ufologist Brad Steiger allegedly hypnotic sessions conducted with 1,200 people who appear ... descendants of aliens.
"Practically all of their memories, dreams and visions are very similar - notes Steiger. - They told me about a planet with two moons and a feeling that their earthly parents are not their blood. Also reported that they feel very lonely and lost in this life. Some had vague memories of a crash and fire for a period of wandering and alienation. Many of the descendants of aliens saying, "it seems to me that soon there will be a great time. Very soon you will meet them again. "In his sleep heard calling:" Be prepared! "
The impression is that of the "star child" was commissioned to help the earthlings to prepare for the meeting with beings from other worlds. Another UFO scientist - Dr. Mandelkern, added to what his colleague following:
"They are among us, and their mission is meeting with the sentient beings of the universe."
"The absence of evidence is not evidence of absence"
features of twins -deveta part
A ten-year-girl who spent her entire life in a secret US Air Force base, like Miclea Hungary is only half human.
Nina had a strange "cat" eyes with vertical pupils, bone ridge along the spine and webbed fingers. Dr. Farley Yungbred Washington claims that in June 2000 received photos, documents and samples of genetic material girl.
"Even cursory examination of the pictures was perfectly obvious that in its present appearance inhuman traits that can not be explained scientifically," says Dr. Yungbred. After the medical examination of the genetic material he found that part of the DNA of Nina is of unknown origin.
Hunters sensationalism but managed to make unique images: Nina play, cycling, jumping rope near a small house surrounded by high concrete walls ...
Although the girl was "discovered", the authorities refused to comment on the widespread media images. "We do not know anything about a girl living in the confines of the base, and not hold any formal studies of extraterrestrial life."
Dr. Yungbred believes that the mother of Nina - Jackie Hubik was abducted by aliens. According to official data, it is lost in the mountains of Tennessee. After six days, completely unexpectedly, I met her forest to make his way through the thickets. The doctor considered obvious that Jackie was raped, but because the girl suffered from partial memory loss, and it was not clear who attacked her.
Refuse to communicate something specific child with unearthly origin and the authorities in Brazil. Small alien about 14-16 months was found in the Brazilian jungles. How he got there and how he survived - remains a mystery. Journalists believe that it has referred the jungle a young mother who did not want anyone to know about her relationship with a stranger.
The child was found near the Brazilian city of Anor Swiss researcher Dr. Barton Shpiler. At first, he or she (not clarified the gender of the child) was taken for an ordinary child, abandoned by heartless parents in the wild forests. But when the child was fed and dressed, it was clear: the strange appearance was never the result of a congenital malformation.
It had pointed ears, colorless eyes that are sometimes mirrored, and tubular nose.
The current whereabouts of the little stranger lies - neither Brazil nor the Swiss nor US authorities presented information. But became known that he held at a military base near Anor.
Dr. Shpiler, who has long been close to the unusual child, said: "It still has not shown any supernatural abilities, although in comparison with the earth children is very strong physically. And yet - many children speak, but his tongue can not to decipher. "
One can be told for children of aliens. Not a month goes by without another "child of the cosmos" to appear somewhere in North America, Asia and in the Moscow region.
Probably most of these messages are fabrications. However, there remains another, small but documented part, based on photographic and video footage, confirmed by the testimony of prominent physicians and scientists with world-famous names. Such reports leave no doubt that the children of aliens are real.
Google Преводач за фирми:Преводачески инструментариумПреводач на уебсайтовеТърсене на световни пазари
Изключване на незабавния преводВсичко за Google ПреводачМобилни устройстваОбщн
Nina had a strange "cat" eyes with vertical pupils, bone ridge along the spine and webbed fingers. Dr. Farley Yungbred Washington claims that in June 2000 received photos, documents and samples of genetic material girl.
"Even cursory examination of the pictures was perfectly obvious that in its present appearance inhuman traits that can not be explained scientifically," says Dr. Yungbred. After the medical examination of the genetic material he found that part of the DNA of Nina is of unknown origin.
Hunters sensationalism but managed to make unique images: Nina play, cycling, jumping rope near a small house surrounded by high concrete walls ...
Although the girl was "discovered", the authorities refused to comment on the widespread media images. "We do not know anything about a girl living in the confines of the base, and not hold any formal studies of extraterrestrial life."
Dr. Yungbred believes that the mother of Nina - Jackie Hubik was abducted by aliens. According to official data, it is lost in the mountains of Tennessee. After six days, completely unexpectedly, I met her forest to make his way through the thickets. The doctor considered obvious that Jackie was raped, but because the girl suffered from partial memory loss, and it was not clear who attacked her.
Refuse to communicate something specific child with unearthly origin and the authorities in Brazil. Small alien about 14-16 months was found in the Brazilian jungles. How he got there and how he survived - remains a mystery. Journalists believe that it has referred the jungle a young mother who did not want anyone to know about her relationship with a stranger.
The child was found near the Brazilian city of Anor Swiss researcher Dr. Barton Shpiler. At first, he or she (not clarified the gender of the child) was taken for an ordinary child, abandoned by heartless parents in the wild forests. But when the child was fed and dressed, it was clear: the strange appearance was never the result of a congenital malformation.
It had pointed ears, colorless eyes that are sometimes mirrored, and tubular nose.
The current whereabouts of the little stranger lies - neither Brazil nor the Swiss nor US authorities presented information. But became known that he held at a military base near Anor.
Dr. Shpiler, who has long been close to the unusual child, said: "It still has not shown any supernatural abilities, although in comparison with the earth children is very strong physically. And yet - many children speak, but his tongue can not to decipher. "
One can be told for children of aliens. Not a month goes by without another "child of the cosmos" to appear somewhere in North America, Asia and in the Moscow region.
Probably most of these messages are fabrications. However, there remains another, small but documented part, based on photographic and video footage, confirmed by the testimony of prominent physicians and scientists with world-famous names. Such reports leave no doubt that the children of aliens are real.
Google Преводач за фирми:Преводачески инструментариумПреводач на уебсайтовеТърсене на световни пазари
Изключване на незабавния преводВсичко за Google ПреводачМобилни устройстваОбщн
Specifics of the twins-eighth
"We're just stunned - says Dr. Benito December Duties at a press conference in Rome. - In fact we can not believe. For with no scientific arguments can not explain why in the chest of the child rather than live heart beat mechanically. We do not believe in supernatural phenomena . But how else to explain this phenomenon? "
Dr. Mita Dec. believes that the truth may be more complex. "Our research showed that the artificial heart is very technical perfection - he said. - Its design is superior to anything you know how science today. We do not even know the principle on which it operates, we are unable to decipher the mechanism. I am convinced that with the help of modern science and technology is still impossible to make such a unique device. "
Monitors show the apparatus the size of a ping-pong-related bloodstream. He performed all the functions of a real heart.
Little angina develop normally even be a model for health. She had a wonderful appetite, was obedient and did not create any care of the happy mother - Maria Emiliano. "Of course, we want to angina was a normal child - admits mother. - Who knows what will happen to the heart after a few months or a year. That is, the child grows and the heart - not. Still believe in fate. Once the child has appeared in the world with something in his chest, and it probably will live. "
They know the language of birds and zveroveDrugo alien child for several years lived under the gaze of scientists in a Hungarian village. Miclea Bir already been nine years and was also "fruit of love" of a minor girl with an alien land.
It is true that experts disagree on this occasion. The thing is that unlike its Nepali "brother" Miclea combine traits of man and beast. Therefore, some ufologists believe that the child is the result of a forced crossing between girl and beast, and others - that the father of Miclea is alien, slightly resembling a man. Mother nothing could help scientists. Under hypnosis she remembered only that it was taken from the UFO and subjected to medical tests. I do not remember anything more.
Miclea thrive in the human community, animals and birds are attracted to it as a leader. She understood their "speech" and translate it into the language of the people. Biologists and geneticists hoped with the girl to learn the language of the animals, which preliminary data are considerably richer than you thought. Mental skills Miclea today is estimated at two hundred percent compared with the rate established for the children of nine.
Alien children living on the territory of the former USSR. For them, however, are less known. Names and their families are classified.
Some time ago, in a Ukrainian newspaper was published detailed research material for two students at the School of the town. Ivano-Frankivsk, who, returning from a walk in the forest, told that they have seen an alien spacecraft there. After the message "kontaktyorkite" as the beginning were sent to a psychiatrist, and then, just in case - in gynecological surgery.
The result of the review was comforting - both girls were pregnant. But that was amazing - the virgin membrane of both was intact. The conclusion was one - girls did nothing reprehensible in the woods and apparently remembered only part of the experience.
After a while "heaven Playmates" born one child. Information about them is not much. Children are very much alike externally, have intelligent eyes, acute hearing and the beginnings of mediums. Now been more than a year old and all of them had already vocabulary of an eight year old child.
The secret of secret Air Force base
Dr. Mita Dec. believes that the truth may be more complex. "Our research showed that the artificial heart is very technical perfection - he said. - Its design is superior to anything you know how science today. We do not even know the principle on which it operates, we are unable to decipher the mechanism. I am convinced that with the help of modern science and technology is still impossible to make such a unique device. "
Monitors show the apparatus the size of a ping-pong-related bloodstream. He performed all the functions of a real heart.
Little angina develop normally even be a model for health. She had a wonderful appetite, was obedient and did not create any care of the happy mother - Maria Emiliano. "Of course, we want to angina was a normal child - admits mother. - Who knows what will happen to the heart after a few months or a year. That is, the child grows and the heart - not. Still believe in fate. Once the child has appeared in the world with something in his chest, and it probably will live. "
They know the language of birds and zveroveDrugo alien child for several years lived under the gaze of scientists in a Hungarian village. Miclea Bir already been nine years and was also "fruit of love" of a minor girl with an alien land.
It is true that experts disagree on this occasion. The thing is that unlike its Nepali "brother" Miclea combine traits of man and beast. Therefore, some ufologists believe that the child is the result of a forced crossing between girl and beast, and others - that the father of Miclea is alien, slightly resembling a man. Mother nothing could help scientists. Under hypnosis she remembered only that it was taken from the UFO and subjected to medical tests. I do not remember anything more.
Miclea thrive in the human community, animals and birds are attracted to it as a leader. She understood their "speech" and translate it into the language of the people. Biologists and geneticists hoped with the girl to learn the language of the animals, which preliminary data are considerably richer than you thought. Mental skills Miclea today is estimated at two hundred percent compared with the rate established for the children of nine.
Alien children living on the territory of the former USSR. For them, however, are less known. Names and their families are classified.
Some time ago, in a Ukrainian newspaper was published detailed research material for two students at the School of the town. Ivano-Frankivsk, who, returning from a walk in the forest, told that they have seen an alien spacecraft there. After the message "kontaktyorkite" as the beginning were sent to a psychiatrist, and then, just in case - in gynecological surgery.
The result of the review was comforting - both girls were pregnant. But that was amazing - the virgin membrane of both was intact. The conclusion was one - girls did nothing reprehensible in the woods and apparently remembered only part of the experience.
After a while "heaven Playmates" born one child. Information about them is not much. Children are very much alike externally, have intelligent eyes, acute hearing and the beginnings of mediums. Now been more than a year old and all of them had already vocabulary of an eight year old child.
The secret of secret Air Force base
Peculiarities in the seventh part bliznatsite-
fact №12
Suicides among twins are very rare.
Researchers from Denmark have shown that among twins of both sexes suicide occurs with 28% less and if such cases they are due to mental illness. This confirms the theory that a strong kinship prevent depression and reduce the risk of suicidal behavior.
Although rich people can now enjoy the trip into space, some of the pleasures we enjoy on earth remain impossible in the absence of gravity.
Experts from NASA, supported by their Russian colleagues disproved the myth that sex is possible in space conditions. According to US experts so far in history no registered data anyone has dealings in space wrote novinar.bg
The Russians also said they are not registered attempts intercourse by astronauts.
Experts say there are many reasons to have sex "mission impossible." On the one hand astronauts never left alone. They are under constant surveillance of multiple cameras.
Also intercourse is impossible because of the physiological difficulties that sex partners they met. These include nausea, and decreased blood pressure.
Space is not a suitable environment for pregnancy. Experts say that the radiation sterilized female embryos. This makes women infertile.
Studies with pregnant rats aboard spaceships and shuttles show that this environment is not conducive to the development of the offspring. /woman.bg
<<
Alien experiments with humans are not limited to the study of anatomy and surgery, after which, theoretically, human bodies do not remain traces. From time to time reports of overt manifestations of contacts with visitors from outer space. It's all for the children of aliens born from earthly women.
Instead of heart - pounding motor
In confirmation of what has been a sensational message came from Nepal, which together with Brazil has long been the subject of attention of ufologists worldwide.
Dr. Vo Singh, head of the scientific expedition studying the UFO phenomenon in mountainous regions of Nepal, seen in a village and even studied with modern
Suicides among twins are very rare.
Researchers from Denmark have shown that among twins of both sexes suicide occurs with 28% less and if such cases they are due to mental illness. This confirms the theory that a strong kinship prevent depression and reduce the risk of suicidal behavior.
Although rich people can now enjoy the trip into space, some of the pleasures we enjoy on earth remain impossible in the absence of gravity.
Experts from NASA, supported by their Russian colleagues disproved the myth that sex is possible in space conditions. According to US experts so far in history no registered data anyone has dealings in space wrote novinar.bg
The Russians also said they are not registered attempts intercourse by astronauts.
Experts say there are many reasons to have sex "mission impossible." On the one hand astronauts never left alone. They are under constant surveillance of multiple cameras.
Also intercourse is impossible because of the physiological difficulties that sex partners they met. These include nausea, and decreased blood pressure.
Space is not a suitable environment for pregnancy. Experts say that the radiation sterilized female embryos. This makes women infertile.
Studies with pregnant rats aboard spaceships and shuttles show that this environment is not conducive to the development of the offspring. /woman.bg
<<
Alien experiments with humans are not limited to the study of anatomy and surgery, after which, theoretically, human bodies do not remain traces. From time to time reports of overt manifestations of contacts with visitors from outer space. It's all for the children of aliens born from earthly women.
Instead of heart - pounding motor
In confirmation of what has been a sensational message came from Nepal, which together with Brazil has long been the subject of attention of ufologists worldwide.
Dr. Vo Singh, head of the scientific expedition studying the UFO phenomenon in mountainous regions of Nepal, seen in a village and even studied with modern
Specifics of the twins-sixth of
fact №7
The twins are weaker in childhood.
This pregnancy wears more difficult and often children are born premature. Twins can be born with insufficient weight, tendency to infectious diseases, physically weak and in need of more care. All this is related to the peculiarities of multiple pregnancies. The third year twins catch up in physical development peers.
fact №8
Larger and smaller, strong and weak
There is a misconception that the larger twin is always the leader, and his younger obey. If so, it is a tribute to the parents. Often when the younger twin was born with less weight, parents treat him as less substantive and start to care more about it and deprived of mobile games. The smaller twin grew up thinking that was less that not much has been given, that not everything is allowed and begins to behave according to the expectations of the surrounding friends.
fact №9
What makes them similar?
Relatives are adamant that they can not distinguish them, parents dress them in the same clothes, christen them with names similar in sound form in their general habits, tastes and interests, and even implying "You have a whole".
The twins grew up under the constant pressure, which shows that they do not differ from each other and over time realize that their individuality is a "one for two". Plays a major role and the fact that they spend a lot of time together.
fact №10
Twins and family life.
Teenage twins often rebel against uniformity and uniform clothing. According to statistics, grown dizigotni twins often separated from one another, try to choose different professions, different circle of friends. Twin, who is under the influence of the other, seeks to escape to freedom and to build their own individuality.
A monozygotic twins continue to converge. Often they are afraid of family life, worried that they will be able to find your spouse in the same understanding. Marrying, monozygotic twins are often dissatisfied with family life or face the jealousy of the brother / sister. Even family life and the twins take place successfully, they keep each other close relationships.
fact №11
Hypersensitivity twins
In the press, movies and books are constantly focused on sensitization twins. One sister died in a plane crash and the other at that moment felt terrible pain, one of the twins broke his arm and the other suffered from leg pain throughout the day, etc.
In fact, rumors of this hypersensitivity are greatly exaggerated. Proves not only the tendency of twins to genetic diseases.
And many stories about the twins think and feel the same way, are far from reality.
The twins are weaker in childhood.
This pregnancy wears more difficult and often children are born premature. Twins can be born with insufficient weight, tendency to infectious diseases, physically weak and in need of more care. All this is related to the peculiarities of multiple pregnancies. The third year twins catch up in physical development peers.
fact №8
Larger and smaller, strong and weak
There is a misconception that the larger twin is always the leader, and his younger obey. If so, it is a tribute to the parents. Often when the younger twin was born with less weight, parents treat him as less substantive and start to care more about it and deprived of mobile games. The smaller twin grew up thinking that was less that not much has been given, that not everything is allowed and begins to behave according to the expectations of the surrounding friends.
fact №9
What makes them similar?
Relatives are adamant that they can not distinguish them, parents dress them in the same clothes, christen them with names similar in sound form in their general habits, tastes and interests, and even implying "You have a whole".
The twins grew up under the constant pressure, which shows that they do not differ from each other and over time realize that their individuality is a "one for two". Plays a major role and the fact that they spend a lot of time together.
fact №10
Twins and family life.
Teenage twins often rebel against uniformity and uniform clothing. According to statistics, grown dizigotni twins often separated from one another, try to choose different professions, different circle of friends. Twin, who is under the influence of the other, seeks to escape to freedom and to build their own individuality.
A monozygotic twins continue to converge. Often they are afraid of family life, worried that they will be able to find your spouse in the same understanding. Marrying, monozygotic twins are often dissatisfied with family life or face the jealousy of the brother / sister. Even family life and the twins take place successfully, they keep each other close relationships.
fact №11
Hypersensitivity twins
In the press, movies and books are constantly focused on sensitization twins. One sister died in a plane crash and the other at that moment felt terrible pain, one of the twins broke his arm and the other suffered from leg pain throughout the day, etc.
In fact, rumors of this hypersensitivity are greatly exaggerated. Proves not only the tendency of twins to genetic diseases.
And many stories about the twins think and feel the same way, are far from reality.
Specifics of the twins fifth
fact №1
When twins are born?
9 In each pregnancy. Most often twins born blacks, and very rarely - the representatives of the Asian race. The probability of the birth of twins (especially monozygotic) increases with maternal age - it becomes the maximum at 40, and then decreases. This feature of the body may be associated with higher levels of gonadotropins. Many of the women who were treated for infertility with gonadotropins subsequently born twins.
Popular belief that twins are born in clean generation error. Genetic predisposition to the birth of the twins really exists, but it can occur in generation.
fact №2
Does the place of birth of twins?
According to statistics, at least the twins are born in the industrial cities. The notion that the environment influences the birth of twins is also a delusion. But there are curiosities. In a small Indian village known as the "village of the twins" are about 70 pairs of twins. And every year it increases. Scientists can not explain this phenomenon, and these Indians believe that it is the work of Lord Ram, who had twin children.
fact №3
"City of twins"
There is also an artificial place for concentration of twins - Tuinzbarg in Ohio. Every year in this city held a celebration in which the twins arrive at different ages.
fact №4
Two or two
The twins are monozygotic and dizigotni. Dizigotni are if they are immediately fertilized two eggs (zygotes) and monozygotic - if only one fertilized egg, but then it is divided.
Monozygotic twins are always of the same sex, they fit all genes, while dizigotnite these matches are only 50%.
fact №5
Siamese twins
These are monozygotic twins, in which the division has begun at a later stage and therefore they are born joined. The compound may be insignificant - for example, a skin fold, but they can also be a connate bone.
fact №6
The method of twins
For the first time the twins science is interested in the 19th century. In 1876 the Englishman F. Galton posted his scientific work "History of twins as a criterion of the relative influence of nature and nurture." Since that time hundreds of experiments using the "method of the twins," which today is the main way of collecting information on the role of heredity and the impact of the environment on man.
The most reliable embodiment is the study of monozygotic twins separated occurring after about 15-20 years. Although living in different families and receive different education, they are equally energetic, love the same books and movies suffer from the same diseases. Meeting, they became close friends and believe that hardly differ from each other.
When twins are born?
9 In each pregnancy. Most often twins born blacks, and very rarely - the representatives of the Asian race. The probability of the birth of twins (especially monozygotic) increases with maternal age - it becomes the maximum at 40, and then decreases. This feature of the body may be associated with higher levels of gonadotropins. Many of the women who were treated for infertility with gonadotropins subsequently born twins.
Popular belief that twins are born in clean generation error. Genetic predisposition to the birth of the twins really exists, but it can occur in generation.
fact №2
Does the place of birth of twins?
According to statistics, at least the twins are born in the industrial cities. The notion that the environment influences the birth of twins is also a delusion. But there are curiosities. In a small Indian village known as the "village of the twins" are about 70 pairs of twins. And every year it increases. Scientists can not explain this phenomenon, and these Indians believe that it is the work of Lord Ram, who had twin children.
fact №3
"City of twins"
There is also an artificial place for concentration of twins - Tuinzbarg in Ohio. Every year in this city held a celebration in which the twins arrive at different ages.
fact №4
Two or two
The twins are monozygotic and dizigotni. Dizigotni are if they are immediately fertilized two eggs (zygotes) and monozygotic - if only one fertilized egg, but then it is divided.
Monozygotic twins are always of the same sex, they fit all genes, while dizigotnite these matches are only 50%.
fact №5
Siamese twins
These are monozygotic twins, in which the division has begun at a later stage and therefore they are born joined. The compound may be insignificant - for example, a skin fold, but they can also be a connate bone.
fact №6
The method of twins
For the first time the twins science is interested in the 19th century. In 1876 the Englishman F. Galton posted his scientific work "History of twins as a criterion of the relative influence of nature and nurture." Since that time hundreds of experiments using the "method of the twins," which today is the main way of collecting information on the role of heredity and the impact of the environment on man.
The most reliable embodiment is the study of monozygotic twins separated occurring after about 15-20 years. Although living in different families and receive different education, they are equally energetic, love the same books and movies suffer from the same diseases. Meeting, they became close friends and believe that hardly differ from each other.
Specifics of the twins-Part Four
The most important thing to remember parents of twins, you and all the other children to respect them as individuals, to love each of them, noticing personal successes, avoid extremes and time to respond to children's problems. Having twins is hard happiness, but happiness!
Gemini has since man existed, only that they are born rarely. As is known, there are identical twins (EYAB) - a unique case of equal inheritance and genetic identity and fraternal twins (DYAB) that genetically resemble as much as all the other brothers and sisters.
Identical or fraternal
When we meet twins almost automatically ask ourselves: identical or fraternal?
Most often the answer is obtained at a glance
If twins are heterosexual, the conclusion can generally only be '' fraternal ''. If they have sex, they do not look alike, usually find them also '' fraternal ''. But here already assessment can sometimes be wrong and, because identical twins can have different appearance, driven by severe disturbances during pregnancy, disease, eating disorders or accidents of birth. For anyone interested in a much more complex, but also more attractive task would be to determine what sex twins with great similarity between them. Here the probability of error in the conclusion reached by seemingly too large. Eventually a proper assessment can be reached only after careful comparisons and certain medical anthropological analysis. Today there are many twins or parents of twins who do not know whether, respectively. their children are identical or fraternal.
From a biological point of view and EYAB DYAB differ fundamentally. While EYAB genetic counterparts and have the same hereditary potential DYAB differ genetically as much as all brothers and sisters.
How can you explain this? What biological mechanisms underlying these differences? How to create and EYAB DYAB?
The answer to these questions forces us to make a short and understandable for all introduction to embryology. We need to stop the process of fertilization and the first days after it in order to clarify basically creating the twins. Because whether you conceive twins and what type is decided by fertilization or (at EYAB) in the first two weeks of fetal life.
When people are generally born one child. During each menstrual cycle is usually prepared, and one oocyte is discharged from the ovary with ovulation. It retains its ability to fertilize only from 4 to 20 hours, and passed for 4 to 6 days in the fallopian tube into the uterus. Hence fertilization occurs in the first day following ovulation in the upper part of the fallopian tube. A male reproductive cell penetrates the egg. At the time of penetrating the egg shrinks rapidly and thus be retained by the other germ cells. At this point, new life is emerging genetic combination takes place in the egg. The act of fertilization is determined family, racial and numerous physical signs, construction and function of organs. Here, of course, exclude any pathological processes. Without exaggeration, we can say that this is the most important moment of a person's life, there is no rich in consequences. Shortly after fertilization in the zygote (fertilized egg) occurs division. This process takes place even during transport in the fallopian tube. For about 6 days after ovulation zygote is poselva in the lining of the uterus.
Gemini has since man existed, only that they are born rarely. As is known, there are identical twins (EYAB) - a unique case of equal inheritance and genetic identity and fraternal twins (DYAB) that genetically resemble as much as all the other brothers and sisters.
Identical or fraternal
When we meet twins almost automatically ask ourselves: identical or fraternal?
Most often the answer is obtained at a glance
If twins are heterosexual, the conclusion can generally only be '' fraternal ''. If they have sex, they do not look alike, usually find them also '' fraternal ''. But here already assessment can sometimes be wrong and, because identical twins can have different appearance, driven by severe disturbances during pregnancy, disease, eating disorders or accidents of birth. For anyone interested in a much more complex, but also more attractive task would be to determine what sex twins with great similarity between them. Here the probability of error in the conclusion reached by seemingly too large. Eventually a proper assessment can be reached only after careful comparisons and certain medical anthropological analysis. Today there are many twins or parents of twins who do not know whether, respectively. their children are identical or fraternal.
From a biological point of view and EYAB DYAB differ fundamentally. While EYAB genetic counterparts and have the same hereditary potential DYAB differ genetically as much as all brothers and sisters.
How can you explain this? What biological mechanisms underlying these differences? How to create and EYAB DYAB?
The answer to these questions forces us to make a short and understandable for all introduction to embryology. We need to stop the process of fertilization and the first days after it in order to clarify basically creating the twins. Because whether you conceive twins and what type is decided by fertilization or (at EYAB) in the first two weeks of fetal life.
When people are generally born one child. During each menstrual cycle is usually prepared, and one oocyte is discharged from the ovary with ovulation. It retains its ability to fertilize only from 4 to 20 hours, and passed for 4 to 6 days in the fallopian tube into the uterus. Hence fertilization occurs in the first day following ovulation in the upper part of the fallopian tube. A male reproductive cell penetrates the egg. At the time of penetrating the egg shrinks rapidly and thus be retained by the other germ cells. At this point, new life is emerging genetic combination takes place in the egg. The act of fertilization is determined family, racial and numerous physical signs, construction and function of organs. Here, of course, exclude any pathological processes. Without exaggeration, we can say that this is the most important moment of a person's life, there is no rich in consequences. Shortly after fertilization in the zygote (fertilized egg) occurs division. This process takes place even during transport in the fallopian tube. For about 6 days after ovulation zygote is poselva in the lining of the uterus.
Specifics of the twins-third of
Duplication problems
All issues that come before the fledgling parents in families with twins and sharpen appear much brighter. Twins require twice as much attention, care, effort and of course financial hardship - ultimately needed two beds, two sets of clothes, toys and so on. There are also problems specific to twins. One of them, particularly in identical twins is that in the early days and even months babies can hardly be distinguished from one another. At first a few basic techniques in would be handy, as to detect characteristic mole twins to dress in different clothes or to put tags with their names and t.n.t.
It is possible that the mother of newborn twins to haunt remorse that as it does not like children. To develop feelings of love and affection to the child usually takes four months. For mothers of twins, this period lasts almost a year since due to severe pregnancy and subsequent birth, they with fatigue faster and are under more pressure. Moreover, from the beginning the mother of the twins feel affection for two children at once, and only later began to love them separately.
The third is redundant ?!
If the family already has a child, the question that most concerns parents of twins is how it will accept the new members of the family? This is indeed a serious problem. The older child is no longer the center of attention. It begins to be required to fulfill certain obligations, which are sometimes quite boring and annoying. The child can no longer play and fuss when he or fuss fuss, as the rhythm of the whole house is consistent with the regime of twins. Often he "moved" in the other room, changed his bed, but if too little went right for a while with her grandmother or parents send him to kindergarten. All these changes cause a negative reaction in the child. It begins to seem that the good weather is gone, he no longer loved, and place in the hearts of his parents is occupied by new babies. No wonder that in such moments the kid take desperate attempts to bring attention to parents on themselves - no longer dress himself alone refuses to eat and so on. Sometimes a child becomes jealous parents of twins offend babies to hate them and even trying to remove them. It is important that these times parents understand that the kid is not guilty, it is also very difficult. He himself needs to feel the love and support of their parents. It is good at such moments his parents to give due attention - to discuss his problems, showing that they understand how difficult it is; openly express regret that he can not spend more time; with opportunity to go with him to walk alone, without the twins. At any cost should be encouraged him positive attitude and attention to the twins. Let the kid knows that when the babies grow up, they will become best friends will love and respect, and he will take care of them and protect them all together will be the happiest family. The older child should have the right to privacy of their own space in the house and personal toys that you do not have to share with the twins, if it itself does not wish to do so. The kid should not be forced to go to bed at the same time with the babies, let's stay longer with you. Although the background of the newborn, toddler seems even more, remember that it can not grow at once in accordance with your requirements.
All issues that come before the fledgling parents in families with twins and sharpen appear much brighter. Twins require twice as much attention, care, effort and of course financial hardship - ultimately needed two beds, two sets of clothes, toys and so on. There are also problems specific to twins. One of them, particularly in identical twins is that in the early days and even months babies can hardly be distinguished from one another. At first a few basic techniques in would be handy, as to detect characteristic mole twins to dress in different clothes or to put tags with their names and t.n.t.
It is possible that the mother of newborn twins to haunt remorse that as it does not like children. To develop feelings of love and affection to the child usually takes four months. For mothers of twins, this period lasts almost a year since due to severe pregnancy and subsequent birth, they with fatigue faster and are under more pressure. Moreover, from the beginning the mother of the twins feel affection for two children at once, and only later began to love them separately.
The third is redundant ?!
If the family already has a child, the question that most concerns parents of twins is how it will accept the new members of the family? This is indeed a serious problem. The older child is no longer the center of attention. It begins to be required to fulfill certain obligations, which are sometimes quite boring and annoying. The child can no longer play and fuss when he or fuss fuss, as the rhythm of the whole house is consistent with the regime of twins. Often he "moved" in the other room, changed his bed, but if too little went right for a while with her grandmother or parents send him to kindergarten. All these changes cause a negative reaction in the child. It begins to seem that the good weather is gone, he no longer loved, and place in the hearts of his parents is occupied by new babies. No wonder that in such moments the kid take desperate attempts to bring attention to parents on themselves - no longer dress himself alone refuses to eat and so on. Sometimes a child becomes jealous parents of twins offend babies to hate them and even trying to remove them. It is important that these times parents understand that the kid is not guilty, it is also very difficult. He himself needs to feel the love and support of their parents. It is good at such moments his parents to give due attention - to discuss his problems, showing that they understand how difficult it is; openly express regret that he can not spend more time; with opportunity to go with him to walk alone, without the twins. At any cost should be encouraged him positive attitude and attention to the twins. Let the kid knows that when the babies grow up, they will become best friends will love and respect, and he will take care of them and protect them all together will be the happiest family. The older child should have the right to privacy of their own space in the house and personal toys that you do not have to share with the twins, if it itself does not wish to do so. The kid should not be forced to go to bed at the same time with the babies, let's stay longer with you. Although the background of the newborn, toddler seems even more, remember that it can not grow at once in accordance with your requirements.
Features in the second part bliznatsite-
Often twins perform certain roles in pair - one leader, the other is subordinate one is cheerful and sociable, the other - closed and thoughtful and so on. The practice knows those cases where one twin can read and write, the other - to believe. Most often the role of the strongest, smartest pair play firstborn kid - born it weighs more and faster development. This should in no way be abused, as otherwise you risk to form in the smaller role of tinker, loser.
Distribution of roles within the couple became under the influence of various factors - from natural talents to the desire of the parents - and long established. Set roles begin to blur into adulthood when the twins gain more autonomy, psychological begin to separate from each other, turn into autonomous, independent of "co-twins' personalities. In children exacerbates feelings of rivalry; beginning endless conflicts that often grow into violent fights and insults. This happens especially often in raznoyaychnite twins from earlier and more are starting to feel their differences. It also should not worry parents. No sense to overdo it with the penalties of children and without them is hard enough. With time everything will pass, this time you just have to experience. At such times it is important to ensure children do not go to extremes in order not to spoil their relationship irreparably. Help them to discuss their problems and seek solutions, while not forgetting to remind them what a huge lucky they are to have at his co-twin, who has been with them since birth and who can always rely on, because love them and support like no other.
Distribution of roles within the couple became under the influence of various factors - from natural talents to the desire of the parents - and long established. Set roles begin to blur into adulthood when the twins gain more autonomy, psychological begin to separate from each other, turn into autonomous, independent of "co-twins' personalities. In children exacerbates feelings of rivalry; beginning endless conflicts that often grow into violent fights and insults. This happens especially often in raznoyaychnite twins from earlier and more are starting to feel their differences. It also should not worry parents. No sense to overdo it with the penalties of children and without them is hard enough. With time everything will pass, this time you just have to experience. At such times it is important to ensure children do not go to extremes in order not to spoil their relationship irreparably. Help them to discuss their problems and seek solutions, while not forgetting to remind them what a huge lucky they are to have at his co-twin, who has been with them since birth and who can always rely on, because love them and support like no other.
Specifics of the twins, the first part
Twins are very attached to each other, especially in infancy hard tolerate tabs. Kids as young couples prefer to hold on to hands, love to sleep in the same bed, and so on. Parents can easily succumb to the temptation to leave them together, after all, and anyway the kids want it. This is a mistake! If children are not taught time at times to live alone, without the other twin, they can for life remain limited by "mezhdubliznachnite" relationship may not develop their different interests, not to develop personal friendships, not to create families. Therefore, slowly and without excessive pressure each twin should learn to leave it alone - no brother or sister. Sometimes it is better for children to appear on separate walks or one twin remains day - two to visit her grandmother and so on.
If children attend kindergarten, then try once accustomed to the conditions to separate them into different groups. Of course in any case should not insist. Separation can actually be a huge trauma. Many twins kept vivid memory of the day on which for the first time were separated from each other. Every child at the beginning while experiencing some difficulties accustomed to kindergarten. Due to the fact that they are two twins much more painless accustomed to the new environment. It is good if the kids are ready for this step in the school also visit neighboring classes. Before you begin a serious separation of twins, however, would be beneficial to consult with a specialist - a psychologist, educator, pediatrician. The most important thing is to encourage even the smallest act of independence and individuality, helping to build personal I of each child.
Sometimes twins are formed called. autonomous speech - absolutely incomprehensible to others and crystal clear for both. Often parents do not attach great importance to children's chatter and react only when they notice that the twins are starting to fall behind in their development as they do not form normal speech. Such a situation is typical for families in which the adults a little talk with the twins, while turning to them as a whole (Anna Maria). In itself this phenomenon is pleased harmless. Autonomous speech might lead to a problem only when children refuse to communicate like everyone else, which in turn can affect the best remedy in such cases the children to be separated from each other at least a few hours a day. The desire to be misunderstood by others, the twins quickly shake off the speech problems. The most important thing is time to pay attention to the possible unpleasant consequences / isolation, withdrawal / separation from the other twin. It should be noted that small and slight defects in speech are common in twins (and the fact that quite often hear "right speech" of his partner) and often there are demands for a speech therapist.
That the twins spend a lot of time together and surrounding them as a whole, reflect on their individuality and independence. Within three years the twins can go wrong and do not recognize myself photos or in the mirror and respond to his name and that of his brother or sister often use the pronoun "we" instead of "I". Therefore, when communicating with them is important to focus on their differences on their characteristics and to talk about them. It would be good from infancy children to dress differently. Of course sometimes it is quite difficult, but even the smallest differences, / as different buttons, for example / are sufficient. Each child should have their own clothes, their own toys, their books. Always make sure you express your approval for any manifestation of independence, individuality, originality. Note, however, that jealousy and competition in the conquest of the attention and love of their parents are not uncommon in twins.
If children attend kindergarten, then try once accustomed to the conditions to separate them into different groups. Of course in any case should not insist. Separation can actually be a huge trauma. Many twins kept vivid memory of the day on which for the first time were separated from each other. Every child at the beginning while experiencing some difficulties accustomed to kindergarten. Due to the fact that they are two twins much more painless accustomed to the new environment. It is good if the kids are ready for this step in the school also visit neighboring classes. Before you begin a serious separation of twins, however, would be beneficial to consult with a specialist - a psychologist, educator, pediatrician. The most important thing is to encourage even the smallest act of independence and individuality, helping to build personal I of each child.
Sometimes twins are formed called. autonomous speech - absolutely incomprehensible to others and crystal clear for both. Often parents do not attach great importance to children's chatter and react only when they notice that the twins are starting to fall behind in their development as they do not form normal speech. Such a situation is typical for families in which the adults a little talk with the twins, while turning to them as a whole (Anna Maria). In itself this phenomenon is pleased harmless. Autonomous speech might lead to a problem only when children refuse to communicate like everyone else, which in turn can affect the best remedy in such cases the children to be separated from each other at least a few hours a day. The desire to be misunderstood by others, the twins quickly shake off the speech problems. The most important thing is time to pay attention to the possible unpleasant consequences / isolation, withdrawal / separation from the other twin. It should be noted that small and slight defects in speech are common in twins (and the fact that quite often hear "right speech" of his partner) and often there are demands for a speech therapist.
That the twins spend a lot of time together and surrounding them as a whole, reflect on their individuality and independence. Within three years the twins can go wrong and do not recognize myself photos or in the mirror and respond to his name and that of his brother or sister often use the pronoun "we" instead of "I". Therefore, when communicating with them is important to focus on their differences on their characteristics and to talk about them. It would be good from infancy children to dress differently. Of course sometimes it is quite difficult, but even the smallest differences, / as different buttons, for example / are sufficient. Each child should have their own clothes, their own toys, their books. Always make sure you express your approval for any manifestation of independence, individuality, originality. Note, however, that jealousy and competition in the conquest of the attention and love of their parents are not uncommon in twins.
characteristics of mental develop children up to one year Part Two
For many adult education lies in order to scare the children, creating in them a solid network of fears that keep them on track. But it affects the baby still very indirectly.
Only the second month pleasure appears as well limited emotional reaction expressed by limb movements, smiles, happy expression, brevity cries gakane when bathing. These emotions are the result of obgrizhdane, petting and playing with him older. Laughter comes about six months, usually in tickling games or alternately. The child recognizes the adult reactions of fear, anger, happiness, sadness, surprise.
About eight months is a special kind of joy appears, as is the pride and joy in terms of their achievements. At this age already visible manifestations of tenderness and affection, the object of which is the mother and relatives of people around him. Imitation plays a role ogrona: child loves the way you like.
During this period, the child begins to utter short syllables and says his first word. Very often the word 'Dad' 'appears before' mama '', perhaps because it is easier to pronounce or more often absent father, or that it played acrobatic games.
About one month of age differentiated mobility occurs only in the mouth. At the lightest touch causes sucking and looking lips. The same can be said for the eyes, able to remain stationary and fixed objects present in the visual field. Hands do not function at all. They are usually closed and did not try to catch, but are activated when they are touched.
Around the fourth month head start to keep straight when the child behaves seated. It becomes mobile and begins to address the source of the familiar sound. This flexibility encourages visual mobility. Approaching object seen by the child unlocks massive movements of the head and hands. Around the fifth month will catch it between your fingers and the palm, and to shestiya- with opposing thumb.
By mome the mastery of sitting down and "the age of the chair" between the seventh and eighth month, the child learns to stand up and walk.
Nine months may well keep sitting balance and can rotate and bend over without danger of falling. Began to develop fine motor skills: the child can only eat the cookie, to keep the nipple, to catch the crumb between thumb and forefinger. The pointer becomes more active and acts as a tool for research. The language also play this role and becoming more agility. Although at this age and the eleventh month, she still serves it to his mouth, though studies suggest that the fingers are starting to emerge over the mouth.
It goes without saying that this intensive motor development is not separated from the dissenting both sensory and intellectual development.
It is in the context of physical activity, Piaget / Swiss psychologist / reveals the emergence of intelligence about eight months. Occurrence can be schematized as follows: at the beginning the infant's only unconditional reflexes that operate independently. Rather they complement acquired from accidental movements that are repeated / smechene as thumb /. Approximately from the middle of the fifth month, the movements caused random reactions were repeated once. Action already has focus. It does not perform for itself, but for the purpose external result. Of the eighth month on observed coordinate actions in order to achieve pre-set goal.
At the end of the first year will show the last processing: when you accidentally get a new result, it is not repeated stereotypes. The child tries to play with variations, it changes slightly. It tries and explores variations of the result. There is an active experimentation.
The first year ends with the generation of practical or manipulative intelligence, some of the manifestations of which sanaprimer, attracting to himself a remote object by drawing the blanket on which it is located, or his approach using a shovel or stick.
Only the second month pleasure appears as well limited emotional reaction expressed by limb movements, smiles, happy expression, brevity cries gakane when bathing. These emotions are the result of obgrizhdane, petting and playing with him older. Laughter comes about six months, usually in tickling games or alternately. The child recognizes the adult reactions of fear, anger, happiness, sadness, surprise.
About eight months is a special kind of joy appears, as is the pride and joy in terms of their achievements. At this age already visible manifestations of tenderness and affection, the object of which is the mother and relatives of people around him. Imitation plays a role ogrona: child loves the way you like.
During this period, the child begins to utter short syllables and says his first word. Very often the word 'Dad' 'appears before' mama '', perhaps because it is easier to pronounce or more often absent father, or that it played acrobatic games.
About one month of age differentiated mobility occurs only in the mouth. At the lightest touch causes sucking and looking lips. The same can be said for the eyes, able to remain stationary and fixed objects present in the visual field. Hands do not function at all. They are usually closed and did not try to catch, but are activated when they are touched.
Around the fourth month head start to keep straight when the child behaves seated. It becomes mobile and begins to address the source of the familiar sound. This flexibility encourages visual mobility. Approaching object seen by the child unlocks massive movements of the head and hands. Around the fifth month will catch it between your fingers and the palm, and to shestiya- with opposing thumb.
By mome the mastery of sitting down and "the age of the chair" between the seventh and eighth month, the child learns to stand up and walk.
Nine months may well keep sitting balance and can rotate and bend over without danger of falling. Began to develop fine motor skills: the child can only eat the cookie, to keep the nipple, to catch the crumb between thumb and forefinger. The pointer becomes more active and acts as a tool for research. The language also play this role and becoming more agility. Although at this age and the eleventh month, she still serves it to his mouth, though studies suggest that the fingers are starting to emerge over the mouth.
It goes without saying that this intensive motor development is not separated from the dissenting both sensory and intellectual development.
It is in the context of physical activity, Piaget / Swiss psychologist / reveals the emergence of intelligence about eight months. Occurrence can be schematized as follows: at the beginning the infant's only unconditional reflexes that operate independently. Rather they complement acquired from accidental movements that are repeated / smechene as thumb /. Approximately from the middle of the fifth month, the movements caused random reactions were repeated once. Action already has focus. It does not perform for itself, but for the purpose external result. Of the eighth month on observed coordinate actions in order to achieve pre-set goal.
At the end of the first year will show the last processing: when you accidentally get a new result, it is not repeated stereotypes. The child tries to play with variations, it changes slightly. It tries and explores variations of the result. There is an active experimentation.
The first year ends with the generation of practical or manipulative intelligence, some of the manifestations of which sanaprimer, attracting to himself a remote object by drawing the blanket on which it is located, or his approach using a shovel or stick.
Characteristics of mental development of children up to one year
Birth is a huge stress for both mother and child. It must adapt to the new environment. Largely continues newborn intrauterine development in external form and contact him with his obkrazhenie- physical and social, is not yet complete. The baby was born with congenital reflexes like blinking, sneezing, swallowing, breathing, sucking. It gradually began to fix the light reacts differently to different colors and different tastes, hears and reacts to certain smells. Signs of sensations of touch, heat and cold, but the lack of experience can not fix all these sensations. It attracts objects with bright colors. Appears interest in a toy, but does not stay for long. Performed first prehensile dvizheniya- began to hold a toy with both hands, paw her and thus begins to get to know the objects of the environment. Initially, the child does not distinguish between what is itself and what is beyond. In the first months the baby is not different people, but gradually began to show increasing attention to the outside world. Perceived his mother as part of themselves and it is the basis of his impressions and experiences. The mother is the person who most actively involved in raising the child. It satisfies all his needs and desires, which brings the child pleasure, comfort. But it is not always the only factor to satisfy the security is sometimes involved in hard causing concern situations, and in this perspective is becoming the child in an external object. You could say that it is the first 'I' 'of the child and the first' other '', the first person that it will gradually begin to perceive as different from him.
For example, the child first smile of familiar people, especially her mother, while the appearance of strangers, becomes restless and starts to cry. This is a sign that individuals are known to be different from others. Perceptions gradually become more sustainable. The child recognize objects, persons. It actively seeks, embraces head and looks at the speech, music.
The first emotional reactions of the child can be said that the employee "whole mental stage '' as develop and remain a place of any other element, hence the total and their absolute nature. Emotional speech baby is much poorer than ours and often is less understandable, but sigarnost not less eloquent.
It begins with negative emotions, suggesting that the life of the child is not very pleasant. These emotions are expressed by muscle tension, sad facial expression, crying.
From this initial despair, which will trigger the grief purely psychological sadness about the fifth month, features two large emotional totalities: fear and anxiety, on the one hand and aggression on the other. Jealousy appears at the end of the first year.
In children there are hereditary and congenital fears. They acquire a conditioned reflex / as fear of dogs sudden onset / in imitation / example of fear of insects in a child whose mother exhibited such fear / by induction / 'will hurt' '/. Therefore, even though the baby will have panic attacks, it will not have Stahovs till, but the latter will umonozhat with his experiences and increased freedom of action.
For example, the child first smile of familiar people, especially her mother, while the appearance of strangers, becomes restless and starts to cry. This is a sign that individuals are known to be different from others. Perceptions gradually become more sustainable. The child recognize objects, persons. It actively seeks, embraces head and looks at the speech, music.
The first emotional reactions of the child can be said that the employee "whole mental stage '' as develop and remain a place of any other element, hence the total and their absolute nature. Emotional speech baby is much poorer than ours and often is less understandable, but sigarnost not less eloquent.
It begins with negative emotions, suggesting that the life of the child is not very pleasant. These emotions are expressed by muscle tension, sad facial expression, crying.
From this initial despair, which will trigger the grief purely psychological sadness about the fifth month, features two large emotional totalities: fear and anxiety, on the one hand and aggression on the other. Jealousy appears at the end of the first year.
In children there are hereditary and congenital fears. They acquire a conditioned reflex / as fear of dogs sudden onset / in imitation / example of fear of insects in a child whose mother exhibited such fear / by induction / 'will hurt' '/. Therefore, even though the baby will have panic attacks, it will not have Stahovs till, but the latter will umonozhat with his experiences and increased freedom of action.
autism and child development-Part Four
Behavioral deficits are as follows:
· Autistic child there is little or no language- it neither perceives speech, nor can be expressed. Children may be silent or, if present speech, it is eholalichna in the sense that the child repeat like a parrot what others or heard on television. Receptive speech is also impaired because the child is able to respond only to simple commands / "sit", "eat", "shut the door", etc. / But not abstract speech as metoimeniya / mine yours, his, hers, etc. / or words for time / first, last, etc. /. The inability of the child to speak or understand the language, is the most common complaint I have parents. These problems can be indifitsirat in the second year of life.
· The child behaves as if there is visible sensory / perceptual deficit, ie behaves as if it were blind, deaf, but careful examination revealed intact sensory modalities. Parents complain that their children have extreme difficulties with attention. Usually they do not keep eye contact with their parents and do not pay proper head in the direction of people talking.
· Autistic children usually do not build close relationships with their parents. This is evident even during the first few months of life when parents complain that their child likes to nuzzle and actually can resist physical contact stiffness back or seeking to escape from the arms of their parents.
· Autistic children do not play with toys as their peers. They are not interested and do not spend time playing with them. If you still play with toys, it is often referred to as Sensory strange turn the truck and spin the wheels, wear a piece of rope twisted obsessive bear doll to make it smell or suck. Inability to play with toys can be registered in the second year of life.
· Playing with friends can be missing or severely restricted. It is possible that the child does not show interest or ability to play games, largely unaware of the presence of other children, unless it is involved in a game like "davam- take '' this feature is also a very very distinct in the second year of life.
· Autistic children often late or did not manage ordinary self-help skills. They have trouble learning to dress themselves, use the toilet and eat unaided. Similarly have large deficits in recognizing common dangers i8 should be monitored closely, not posradat when crossing the street in heavy traffic or playing with electrical appliances, etc.
Behavioral excesses:
· Autistic children exhibit a significant amount of outrage and aggression. Aggression can sometimes be directed at them samite- they bite, hit his head against the wall, prick to face. Another time aggression directed toward others. Most parents complain that their children are almost unmanageable, have a low tolerance to frustration and react to even minor discomfort with intense anger.
· Autistic children can demonstrate quite "samostimulirashto" behavior in the form of ritualistic, repetitive and stereotyped actions such as shaking of the body in an upright and seated, clapping in hands, rotating objects, staring at lights, arranging objects in regular rows, contemplating rotating fans or other devices that spin or jumps up and down and twisting the body over extended periods of time.
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· Autistic child there is little or no language- it neither perceives speech, nor can be expressed. Children may be silent or, if present speech, it is eholalichna in the sense that the child repeat like a parrot what others or heard on television. Receptive speech is also impaired because the child is able to respond only to simple commands / "sit", "eat", "shut the door", etc. / But not abstract speech as metoimeniya / mine yours, his, hers, etc. / or words for time / first, last, etc. /. The inability of the child to speak or understand the language, is the most common complaint I have parents. These problems can be indifitsirat in the second year of life.
· The child behaves as if there is visible sensory / perceptual deficit, ie behaves as if it were blind, deaf, but careful examination revealed intact sensory modalities. Parents complain that their children have extreme difficulties with attention. Usually they do not keep eye contact with their parents and do not pay proper head in the direction of people talking.
· Autistic children usually do not build close relationships with their parents. This is evident even during the first few months of life when parents complain that their child likes to nuzzle and actually can resist physical contact stiffness back or seeking to escape from the arms of their parents.
· Autistic children do not play with toys as their peers. They are not interested and do not spend time playing with them. If you still play with toys, it is often referred to as Sensory strange turn the truck and spin the wheels, wear a piece of rope twisted obsessive bear doll to make it smell or suck. Inability to play with toys can be registered in the second year of life.
· Playing with friends can be missing or severely restricted. It is possible that the child does not show interest or ability to play games, largely unaware of the presence of other children, unless it is involved in a game like "davam- take '' this feature is also a very very distinct in the second year of life.
· Autistic children often late or did not manage ordinary self-help skills. They have trouble learning to dress themselves, use the toilet and eat unaided. Similarly have large deficits in recognizing common dangers i8 should be monitored closely, not posradat when crossing the street in heavy traffic or playing with electrical appliances, etc.
Behavioral excesses:
· Autistic children exhibit a significant amount of outrage and aggression. Aggression can sometimes be directed at them samite- they bite, hit his head against the wall, prick to face. Another time aggression directed toward others. Most parents complain that their children are almost unmanageable, have a low tolerance to frustration and react to even minor discomfort with intense anger.
· Autistic children can demonstrate quite "samostimulirashto" behavior in the form of ritualistic, repetitive and stereotyped actions such as shaking of the body in an upright and seated, clapping in hands, rotating objects, staring at lights, arranging objects in regular rows, contemplating rotating fans or other devices that spin or jumps up and down and twisting the body over extended periods of time.
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autism and child development THIRD part
1. Syndrome Asperger- disorder of uncertain nosological validity, which are inherent in same qualitative violations of social relationships that characterize autism, together with a limited stereotypes, repetitive repertoire of interests and activities. It differs from autism primarily in the lack of general delay or retardation in language or cognitive development. Most individuals have normal general intelligence are often markedly clumsy. This condition occurs mostly in boys / in the ratio 8: 1 /. Disorder combined with a strong tromavast. It is likely at least some of the cases are mild varieties of autism, but it is uncertain whether this is true for everyone.
There is a strong tendency abnormalities persist into adolescence and adulthood, and it seems that they represent individual characteristics that are not affected much by the environment. At a young age may experience psychotic episodes.
Upon diagnosis, doctors usually comply with the absence of clinically significant general delay in speech development or kognivnoto development and availability of high-quality violations.
Diagnosis' autism '' is often placed after the child has mastered the main events in normal development, such as walking unaided before 15 months of age. Often reported that children atistichnite unusually good motor development, walk and keep balance with greater ease.
Also, it is customary to look for signs of adequate memory to diagnose autism. Autistic child, for example, can repeat like a parrot or otherwise votes of people Thousands of satisfied clients or had heard on television ads or have a good memory for visual detail.
Autistic children may show certain special interests developed, for example to play with mechanical objects such as appliances or motorized toys. Some autistic children are very interested in music and dance. Others demonstrate significant ability to assemble mosaics interisuvat of numbers or letters of the alphabet, etc.
Some autistic children show limited, but typical fears that exist in a transitional form in the average child. For example, they may experience unusual fear of the noise of the vacuum cleaner, a certain type of music or the siren of a passing ambulance.
There is a strong tendency abnormalities persist into adolescence and adulthood, and it seems that they represent individual characteristics that are not affected much by the environment. At a young age may experience psychotic episodes.
Upon diagnosis, doctors usually comply with the absence of clinically significant general delay in speech development or kognivnoto development and availability of high-quality violations.
Diagnosis' autism '' is often placed after the child has mastered the main events in normal development, such as walking unaided before 15 months of age. Often reported that children atistichnite unusually good motor development, walk and keep balance with greater ease.
Also, it is customary to look for signs of adequate memory to diagnose autism. Autistic child, for example, can repeat like a parrot or otherwise votes of people Thousands of satisfied clients or had heard on television ads or have a good memory for visual detail.
Autistic children may show certain special interests developed, for example to play with mechanical objects such as appliances or motorized toys. Some autistic children are very interested in music and dance. Others demonstrate significant ability to assemble mosaics interisuvat of numbers or letters of the alphabet, etc.
Some autistic children show limited, but typical fears that exist in a transitional form in the average child. For example, they may experience unusual fear of the noise of the vacuum cleaner, a certain type of music or the siren of a passing ambulance.
autism and child development-Part Two
1. Syndrome Rett- situation observed for now only in girls, in which apparently narmalnoto early development is usually followed by partial or complete loss of speech and movement skills and use of arms, together with deceleration of the head. Home typically in vazrarastta in between 7 and 24 months. It is characterized by loss of purposeful hand movements and hyperventilation. Development of social skills and the game remain at the level of the first two - three years, but tend to preserve social interests. At the age of about four years began to develop apraxia / violation of gestural activity in healthy organization and kodrdinatsionnite motor functions are not affected, in which there is full understanding of the act, ie no intellectual deficiency of the body that are often followed by choreoathetosis / otrevizti sudden movements, both diverse and unpredictable movements. Almost invariably leads to severe mental retardation.
In about half of the cases in adolescence or adulthood develop spinal atrophy with severe defects in motility. Later may appear rigid plasticity, usually severe in the lower than in the upper limbs.
2. Another dezentegrativno disorder in detstvoto- type generalized disorder in the development / non-syndrome Rett /, which is determined by the existence of a period of apparently normal development of the disorder to hurt. Then, for several months, there is a clearly defined period of loss of previously mastered skills, covering several areas of development. This is usually accompanied by a general loss of interest in the environment of sretiotipni, repetitive motor mannerisms and violated, such as autism social interaction and communication.
Often there is a period of vague illness: the child becomes drowsy and irritable, anxiety and hyperactivity, and then loss of speech and language, accompanied by behavioral dezentegratsiya.
In some cases, the loss of skills is hard progressive / usually when the disorder is combined with demonstrable progressive neurological disease /., But more often fall for a period of several months followed by a gradual, then a slight improvement. The prognosis is usually very poor, most people are left with severe mental retardation. There is uncertainty to what extent this situation is different from autism. In some cases, the disorder may be due to the accompanying encephalopathy / wide nosological group which covers all organic brain damage / but the diagnosis must be placed on the basis of behavioral signs.
3. Hyperactive Disorder, combined with mental retardation and stereotypes dvizheniya- This is a poorly defined disorder of uncertain nosological validity. This category is included here for the following reasons:
· Children with severe mental retardation / IQ below 50 /, the main problems are hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder and behavior stereotypes.
· Generally not affected by stimulants well / as opposed to those with IQ in the normal range / and can react with severe dysphoria / psychomotor retardation sometimes when they give such medication.
• In adolescence hyperactivity is often replaced with hypo / type of development, which is not typical for hiraktivnite children with normal intelligence /.
Often this syndrome combined with various delays in development, specific or general. It is not clear whether behaviors are due to low IQ or of organic brain damage.
The diagnosis depends on a combination of inadequate level of development of severe hyperactivity, motor stereotypes and severe mental retardation. All three must be from a person to put the diagn
In about half of the cases in adolescence or adulthood develop spinal atrophy with severe defects in motility. Later may appear rigid plasticity, usually severe in the lower than in the upper limbs.
2. Another dezentegrativno disorder in detstvoto- type generalized disorder in the development / non-syndrome Rett /, which is determined by the existence of a period of apparently normal development of the disorder to hurt. Then, for several months, there is a clearly defined period of loss of previously mastered skills, covering several areas of development. This is usually accompanied by a general loss of interest in the environment of sretiotipni, repetitive motor mannerisms and violated, such as autism social interaction and communication.
Often there is a period of vague illness: the child becomes drowsy and irritable, anxiety and hyperactivity, and then loss of speech and language, accompanied by behavioral dezentegratsiya.
In some cases, the loss of skills is hard progressive / usually when the disorder is combined with demonstrable progressive neurological disease /., But more often fall for a period of several months followed by a gradual, then a slight improvement. The prognosis is usually very poor, most people are left with severe mental retardation. There is uncertainty to what extent this situation is different from autism. In some cases, the disorder may be due to the accompanying encephalopathy / wide nosological group which covers all organic brain damage / but the diagnosis must be placed on the basis of behavioral signs.
3. Hyperactive Disorder, combined with mental retardation and stereotypes dvizheniya- This is a poorly defined disorder of uncertain nosological validity. This category is included here for the following reasons:
· Children with severe mental retardation / IQ below 50 /, the main problems are hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder and behavior stereotypes.
· Generally not affected by stimulants well / as opposed to those with IQ in the normal range / and can react with severe dysphoria / psychomotor retardation sometimes when they give such medication.
• In adolescence hyperactivity is often replaced with hypo / type of development, which is not typical for hiraktivnite children with normal intelligence /.
Often this syndrome combined with various delays in development, specific or general. It is not clear whether behaviors are due to low IQ or of organic brain damage.
The diagnosis depends on a combination of inadequate level of development of severe hyperactivity, motor stereotypes and severe mental retardation. All three must be from a person to put the diagn
Autism and Child Development-Part One
Autism belongs to the group of generalized developmental disorders characterized by qualitative abnormalities in social relationships and ways of communication. This group observed organic, stereotypes set of interests and activities.
1. Children autizam- type generalized disorder of development, which is defined by the presence of abnormal and / or impaired development that occurred before three years of age and manifested by an abnormal type of operation in three areas: social relationships, communication and behavior, which is povtavyashto is limited and stereotypes. In addition to these specific signs, children with autism often suffer from Ted other nonspecific problems such as phobias, sleep disorders and nutrition, short bursts of anger / directed towards himself / aggression. Quite frequent self-harm (eg, biting the hand), especially when there is a combination of severe mental retardation. Most children with autism lack spontaneity, initiative and creativity in organizing leisure. There are tradnosti in applying the general concepts in decision-making at work (even when the tasks are in their ability). Specific manifestation of deficits characteristic of autism change as the child grows, but continues into adulthood with a very similar combination of problems in socialization, communication style and interests.
It occurs 3-4 times more frequently in momcheteta than girls.
2. Atypical autizam- Type generalized disorder of development that differs from infantile autism or age of onset of the first symptoms, or that fulfills all three sets of diagnostic criteria. Diagnosed only when abnormal or impaired development occurs after three years and insufficient demonstration violations in one or two of the three areas of psychopathology required for the diagnosis of autism / social interaction, communication and restricted stereotype behavior / characteristic abnormalities although other areas. Atypicallity This occurs most often in children with severe mental retardation in children with severe specific developmental disorder of receptive language.
Include: mental retardation with autistic features; atypical psychosis childhood.
1. Children autizam- type generalized disorder of development, which is defined by the presence of abnormal and / or impaired development that occurred before three years of age and manifested by an abnormal type of operation in three areas: social relationships, communication and behavior, which is povtavyashto is limited and stereotypes. In addition to these specific signs, children with autism often suffer from Ted other nonspecific problems such as phobias, sleep disorders and nutrition, short bursts of anger / directed towards himself / aggression. Quite frequent self-harm (eg, biting the hand), especially when there is a combination of severe mental retardation. Most children with autism lack spontaneity, initiative and creativity in organizing leisure. There are tradnosti in applying the general concepts in decision-making at work (even when the tasks are in their ability). Specific manifestation of deficits characteristic of autism change as the child grows, but continues into adulthood with a very similar combination of problems in socialization, communication style and interests.
It occurs 3-4 times more frequently in momcheteta than girls.
2. Atypical autizam- Type generalized disorder of development that differs from infantile autism or age of onset of the first symptoms, or that fulfills all three sets of diagnostic criteria. Diagnosed only when abnormal or impaired development occurs after three years and insufficient demonstration violations in one or two of the three areas of psychopathology required for the diagnosis of autism / social interaction, communication and restricted stereotype behavior / characteristic abnormalities although other areas. Atypicallity This occurs most often in children with severe mental retardation in children with severe specific developmental disorder of receptive language.
Include: mental retardation with autistic features; atypical psychosis childhood.
Psychology of Communication, Part Three
emotionally attached
I am I only by you and with you.
I recognize myself just because
Because you resist my
Consciousness as a visible and tangible I
as another.
L.Φoerbah
Emotional prizarzane between the child and the mother, which is established after birth is the beginning of co-packed life. Birth detachment, destruction of unconscious bliss iztravane forced from the womb, filled with anxiety, and with it - the beginning of a new form of life, of existence - the collection in which the fate of the child is inextricably linked with the fate of the mother.
Emotional prizarzane is not only a form of togetherness, which opens at a certain time horizon of jointness, but the basis for many of the later forms of reciprocity between self and other.
Joy is related to relationships that are filled with certainty and sincerity, in which the self love which finds its significance.
In ovshtuvaneto with other joy can be looted when the Ego:
ü Become insensitive to the onrushing joy when given a place of fear, alchnossta, jealousy, anxiety.
ü Trying to keep forcibly joy by taking away the freedom of other
ü refuse to accept joy
ü indulge in fantasies and dreaming empty
ü filled with boldness to achieve the objectives
ü A rich and beautiful forms of togetherness
ü shared ideas, values, dreams, emotions are extracted from indifference
ü Podtitva to search ideas
ü encourages openness to experiences and challenges
ü led to the examination of situations from different points
ü led to searches nosochi to overcome the banal and boredom
ü induces self-surmounting
ü led to overcoming the fear of rejection and fear of samoizmenie
Types of Emotional Prizarzane
The image that the ego is myself and the other is reflected directly on the form of attachment, which could be very stable over time.
Emotional prizarzane between self and other can unite around two forms:
v sincere emotional connection
v insincere emotional connection
Sincere emotional connection is ukorenena in love and respect. The presence of the other is giving. Emotional connection found samotsennostta of I and Thou. Provides an opportunity for samoutvarzhavane and self-surmounting.
Emotional connection is open to challenge. Figure the other is a source of security, not fear.
Insincere emotional connection is ukorenena fear and neuvezhenieto - the other is not self-centered. I'm weak, you're strong. Under other detects the weakness of the ego. Powerless is based on the fear that I could be robbed.
Impotence can occur in:
§ Regression: self recognizes its weakness - respect to the other is expressed in obedience.
§ resignation: the self is at peace with his fate and leave the other.
§ Depression: the self is at peace with his fate and is separated from itself - away from the other is achieved by moving away from him.
I am I only by you and with you.
I recognize myself just because
Because you resist my
Consciousness as a visible and tangible I
as another.
L.Φoerbah
Emotional prizarzane between the child and the mother, which is established after birth is the beginning of co-packed life. Birth detachment, destruction of unconscious bliss iztravane forced from the womb, filled with anxiety, and with it - the beginning of a new form of life, of existence - the collection in which the fate of the child is inextricably linked with the fate of the mother.
Emotional prizarzane is not only a form of togetherness, which opens at a certain time horizon of jointness, but the basis for many of the later forms of reciprocity between self and other.
Joy is related to relationships that are filled with certainty and sincerity, in which the self love which finds its significance.
In ovshtuvaneto with other joy can be looted when the Ego:
ü Become insensitive to the onrushing joy when given a place of fear, alchnossta, jealousy, anxiety.
ü Trying to keep forcibly joy by taking away the freedom of other
ü refuse to accept joy
ü indulge in fantasies and dreaming empty
ü filled with boldness to achieve the objectives
ü A rich and beautiful forms of togetherness
ü shared ideas, values, dreams, emotions are extracted from indifference
ü Podtitva to search ideas
ü encourages openness to experiences and challenges
ü led to the examination of situations from different points
ü led to searches nosochi to overcome the banal and boredom
ü induces self-surmounting
ü led to overcoming the fear of rejection and fear of samoizmenie
Types of Emotional Prizarzane
The image that the ego is myself and the other is reflected directly on the form of attachment, which could be very stable over time.
Emotional prizarzane between self and other can unite around two forms:
v sincere emotional connection
v insincere emotional connection
Sincere emotional connection is ukorenena in love and respect. The presence of the other is giving. Emotional connection found samotsennostta of I and Thou. Provides an opportunity for samoutvarzhavane and self-surmounting.
Emotional connection is open to challenge. Figure the other is a source of security, not fear.
Insincere emotional connection is ukorenena fear and neuvezhenieto - the other is not self-centered. I'm weak, you're strong. Under other detects the weakness of the ego. Powerless is based on the fear that I could be robbed.
Impotence can occur in:
§ Regression: self recognizes its weakness - respect to the other is expressed in obedience.
§ resignation: the self is at peace with his fate and leave the other.
§ Depression: the self is at peace with his fate and is separated from itself - away from the other is achieved by moving away from him.
Psychology obshtuvaneto- Part Two
friendship
Friendship is a condition
for shtastvie and refuge
of misfortune.
Aristotle
Priyatelsvoto form of co-bitiynost in which the self finds itself. Priyatelsvoto sabarshenoto is the epitome of virtue.
The presence of friendly relations creates emotional and motivational symbol development.
Priyatelsvoto develop on mutuality and equality, which refers to the cognitive processes of building frames, meanings and rules that support it.
Priyatelsvoto postranstvo provides for the deployment of the Self. Complete friendships create conditions for success in various endeavors and zasilbane popularity.
Priyatelsvoto relations are characterized by:
Ø More time spent together
Ø Freedom
Ø Samoizbranost
Ø Proximity and emotional warmth
Ø Sensitivity
Ø found expression in situations komflikti
Ø Openness
Ø Loyalty, trust, dedication, emotional sensitivity
Ø Non-egocentric
Priyatelsvoto forms:
o Emotional postranstvo that creates joy, warmth.
o Cognitive postranstvo that creates understanding, problem solving, decision making.
o postranstvo to action that creates sazmozhnosti co-agent instead of performing actions, problem solving, decision making.
Within the friendship blows need:
§ Understand the inner world of the other, emotions, beliefs, expectations
§ Coordination of own and others' point of view
§ Discussion of own emotions and foreign
§ Responding to the situation with respect to others.
Friendship is a condition
for shtastvie and refuge
of misfortune.
Aristotle
Priyatelsvoto form of co-bitiynost in which the self finds itself. Priyatelsvoto sabarshenoto is the epitome of virtue.
The presence of friendly relations creates emotional and motivational symbol development.
Priyatelsvoto develop on mutuality and equality, which refers to the cognitive processes of building frames, meanings and rules that support it.
Priyatelsvoto postranstvo provides for the deployment of the Self. Complete friendships create conditions for success in various endeavors and zasilbane popularity.
Priyatelsvoto relations are characterized by:
Ø More time spent together
Ø Freedom
Ø Samoizbranost
Ø Proximity and emotional warmth
Ø Sensitivity
Ø found expression in situations komflikti
Ø Openness
Ø Loyalty, trust, dedication, emotional sensitivity
Ø Non-egocentric
Priyatelsvoto forms:
o Emotional postranstvo that creates joy, warmth.
o Cognitive postranstvo that creates understanding, problem solving, decision making.
o postranstvo to action that creates sazmozhnosti co-agent instead of performing actions, problem solving, decision making.
Within the friendship blows need:
§ Understand the inner world of the other, emotions, beliefs, expectations
§ Coordination of own and others' point of view
§ Discussion of own emotions and foreign
§ Responding to the situation with respect to others.
Psychology of Communication, Part One
13: 15- 13: 45- Lunch
13:45. - Exercise №7 - 'Scale of mood and desire to work "(Nelly Pentcheva)
All participants drew to a leading sit in a circle. Each participant must describe their mood at the time and desire to work on a scale of 1 to 10, regardless of the reasons for this condition. Lead paint two rocks on the board.
Responses are discussed between participants and presenters.
Materials - board markers.
Duration - 10 min.
13:55 pm. - Exercise №8 - "Meeting with the problem" (Galena Grozdanova)
Participants were randomly assigned in pairs. One participant plays the role of a child with SEN and the other of a teacher / parent choice. Couples participants work individually as "compose" a problematic situation and try through their roles to solve it. They then switch roles. One member of each pair share their experiences to others.
Issues for comment:
1. What was your most difficult in the whole exercise?
2. What was your role more difficult to play?
3. What new ideas you came for communication for children with SEN?
4. Was it necessary to go into his world? Why not?
Materials - no
Duration - 30 min.
14.25. am - 14:35 pm. - A small break
14:35 pm. - Exercise № 9 - "board expectations" (Nelly Pentcheva)
Vodeshiyat conversions sheet expectations of the participants and read them again.
Issues for comment:
1. Are you justified your expectations?
2. For what reason some expectations were not justified according to you?
Responses are discussed by all.
Explanation: Facilitator explains that expectations lead to disappointment as cause dissatisfaction when not justified. Learning is an ongoing process that continues throughout adult life human insight can occur later and is a period of thinking on a subconscious level.
Materials: list of expectations.
Duration - 10 min.
14:45 pm. - Exercise №10 - "Basket Ideas" (Galena Grozdanova)
Leading supply basket with small pieces of empty inside. Each participant takes a piece of the basket which records the idea / ideas from the training that will take home / work with him. Read to each other what is written. Then the sheets remain for participants.
Materials - basket, notes, pens.
Duration - 15 min.
Final words: (Nelly Pentcheva) Thank you for your participation, we hope that the training was useful and enjoyable for you. If you are interested and you are very tired, would you fill a questionnaire for feedback before you go.
13:45. - Exercise №7 - 'Scale of mood and desire to work "(Nelly Pentcheva)
All participants drew to a leading sit in a circle. Each participant must describe their mood at the time and desire to work on a scale of 1 to 10, regardless of the reasons for this condition. Lead paint two rocks on the board.
Responses are discussed between participants and presenters.
Materials - board markers.
Duration - 10 min.
13:55 pm. - Exercise №8 - "Meeting with the problem" (Galena Grozdanova)
Participants were randomly assigned in pairs. One participant plays the role of a child with SEN and the other of a teacher / parent choice. Couples participants work individually as "compose" a problematic situation and try through their roles to solve it. They then switch roles. One member of each pair share their experiences to others.
Issues for comment:
1. What was your most difficult in the whole exercise?
2. What was your role more difficult to play?
3. What new ideas you came for communication for children with SEN?
4. Was it necessary to go into his world? Why not?
Materials - no
Duration - 30 min.
14.25. am - 14:35 pm. - A small break
14:35 pm. - Exercise № 9 - "board expectations" (Nelly Pentcheva)
Vodeshiyat conversions sheet expectations of the participants and read them again.
Issues for comment:
1. Are you justified your expectations?
2. For what reason some expectations were not justified according to you?
Responses are discussed by all.
Explanation: Facilitator explains that expectations lead to disappointment as cause dissatisfaction when not justified. Learning is an ongoing process that continues throughout adult life human insight can occur later and is a period of thinking on a subconscious level.
Materials: list of expectations.
Duration - 10 min.
14:45 pm. - Exercise №10 - "Basket Ideas" (Galena Grozdanova)
Leading supply basket with small pieces of empty inside. Each participant takes a piece of the basket which records the idea / ideas from the training that will take home / work with him. Read to each other what is written. Then the sheets remain for participants.
Materials - basket, notes, pens.
Duration - 15 min.
Final words: (Nelly Pentcheva) Thank you for your participation, we hope that the training was useful and enjoyable for you. If you are interested and you are very tired, would you fill a questionnaire for feedback before you go.
Development of skills to deal with the behavior of children with special educational needs (SEN) "Tough Kids" -deveta part
13: 15- 13: 45- Lunch
13:45. - Exercise №7 - 'Scale of mood and desire to work "(Nelly Pentcheva)
All participants drew to a leading sit in a circle. Each participant must describe their mood at the time and desire to work on a scale of 1 to 10, regardless of the reasons for this condition. Lead paint two rocks on the board.
Responses are discussed between participants and presenters.
Materials - board markers.
Duration - 10 min.
13:55 pm. - Exercise №8 - "Meeting with the problem" (Galena Grozdanova)
Participants were randomly assigned in pairs. One participant plays the role of a child with SEN and the other of a teacher / parent choice. Couples participants work individually as "compose" a problematic situation and try through their roles to solve it. They then switch roles. One member of each pair share their experiences to others.
Issues for comment:
1. What was your most difficult in the whole exercise?
2. What was your role more difficult to play?
3. What new ideas you came for communication for children with SEN?
4. Was it necessary to go into his world? Why not?
Materials - no
Duration - 30 min.
14.25. am - 14:35 pm. - A small break
14:35 pm. - Exercise № 9 - "board expectations" (Nelly Pentcheva)
Vodeshiyat conversions sheet expectations of the participants and read them again.
Issues for comment:
1. Are you justified your expectations?
2. For what reason some expectations were not justified according to you?
Responses are discussed by all.
Explanation: Facilitator explains that expectations lead to disappointment as cause dissatisfaction when not justified. Learning is an ongoing process that continues throughout adult life human insight can occur later and is a period of thinking on a subconscious level.
Materials: list of expectations.
Duration - 10 min.
14:45 pm. - Exercise №10 - "Basket Ideas" (Galena Grozdanova)
Leading supply basket with small pieces of empty inside. Each participant takes a piece of the basket which records the idea / ideas from the training that will take home / work with him. Read to each other what is written. Then the sheets remain for participants.
Materials - basket, notes, pens.
Duration - 15 min.
Final words: (Nelly Pentcheva) Thank you for your participation, we hope that the training was useful and enjoyable for you. If you are interested and you are very tired, would you fill a questionnaire for feedback before you go.
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13:45. - Exercise №7 - 'Scale of mood and desire to work "(Nelly Pentcheva)
All participants drew to a leading sit in a circle. Each participant must describe their mood at the time and desire to work on a scale of 1 to 10, regardless of the reasons for this condition. Lead paint two rocks on the board.
Responses are discussed between participants and presenters.
Materials - board markers.
Duration - 10 min.
13:55 pm. - Exercise №8 - "Meeting with the problem" (Galena Grozdanova)
Participants were randomly assigned in pairs. One participant plays the role of a child with SEN and the other of a teacher / parent choice. Couples participants work individually as "compose" a problematic situation and try through their roles to solve it. They then switch roles. One member of each pair share their experiences to others.
Issues for comment:
1. What was your most difficult in the whole exercise?
2. What was your role more difficult to play?
3. What new ideas you came for communication for children with SEN?
4. Was it necessary to go into his world? Why not?
Materials - no
Duration - 30 min.
14.25. am - 14:35 pm. - A small break
14:35 pm. - Exercise № 9 - "board expectations" (Nelly Pentcheva)
Vodeshiyat conversions sheet expectations of the participants and read them again.
Issues for comment:
1. Are you justified your expectations?
2. For what reason some expectations were not justified according to you?
Responses are discussed by all.
Explanation: Facilitator explains that expectations lead to disappointment as cause dissatisfaction when not justified. Learning is an ongoing process that continues throughout adult life human insight can occur later and is a period of thinking on a subconscious level.
Materials: list of expectations.
Duration - 10 min.
14:45 pm. - Exercise №10 - "Basket Ideas" (Galena Grozdanova)
Leading supply basket with small pieces of empty inside. Each participant takes a piece of the basket which records the idea / ideas from the training that will take home / work with him. Read to each other what is written. Then the sheets remain for participants.
Materials - basket, notes, pens.
Duration - 15 min.
Final words: (Nelly Pentcheva) Thank you for your participation, we hope that the training was useful and enjoyable for you. If you are interested and you are very tired, would you fill a questionnaire for feedback before you go.
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Development of skills to deal with the behavior of children with special educational needs (SEN) "Tough Kids" eighth
aggressive behavior
Some children with SEN exhibit aggressive behavior and oppositional behavior - often observed in children with autism, ADHD, emotional and behavioral disorders, mental retardation, children with communication disorders and communication. This behavior can take place in a variety of events - shoving, hitting slapping, biting, pinching, pulling, yelling, spitting, slam, verbal aggression - insults and profanity nezspazvane rules imposed by adults, socially unacceptable behavior . These act are mostly aimed at people close to the child - parents and teachers can sometimes be directed to other children. Generally, these children are difficult to "manage" and education. In some of the children's unconscious aggression ie they do not realize that cause harm and pain to another person or weakly realize it at other children's aggression is more conscious and deliberate. In the first case, the aggressive behavior is often a means of communication and a way to communicate to the child the surrounding world, that there are some needs and desires (especially in children who do not use language as a means of communication). Thus the child seeking attention to meet their needs simply because he has not learned of another way to do it. It is possible that aggression is the result of a painful situation for the child, of which he wishes to come out and it serves as a remedy.
Some children's aggression is deliberate ie they realize, or at least somewhat aware that what they do is wrong. These children use aggressive behavior as an attempt to control the situation in which they are located ie to act in this manner the adult, causing it to be afraid and to comply with their rules. These children are taught that their aggressive behavior "act" of adults to give them what they want.
There are different ways of dealing with aggressive behavior of children with SEN. It should be noted that aggression exhibit also children with typical (normal) development, as well as all adults in certain situations. Aggressiveness is a way to strengthen the individual and within certain limits each display aggression to achieve its objectives. This, you have to educate children is that there is a positive, constructive aggression and negative, destructive, causing pain and harm to others, regardless of what the initial intentions and your goals. Sashestvuvat different methods to curb aggressive behavior in children, which is socially unacceptable - a distraction to other favorite / interesting activity; ignoring the behavior when its purpose is to cause attention (however, if the situation permits); time out - violent child appears in a safe place for him and remain calm while only about 5 minutes, and of course there is not hurt. Another way to reduce the aggressive behavior of children is improving communication with them, providing opportunities for children to communicate otherwise wants and needs and to otherwise achieve objectives. May depart aggressive behavior by replacing it with an alternative behavior. Sometimes stopping the aggressive behavior of children with SEN is not an easy task and requires time, patience, creativity in teachers and parents. The smaller the child, the more quickly we can deal with aggressive behavior, as his nervous system and psyche in the process of rapid development and so we and easier to combat established invasive habits of the child.
Then given the following task: Participants have a 10 min. To write on a card first three ideas that they come to mind to deal with aggressive behavior of children with SEN. Each participant passed the card to your neighbor and also receive one. Decisions neighbor now urging finding new ideas. Buckets made full circle. Lead record new ideas of the participants.
Issues for comment:
1. How your ideas are similar to those you received?
2. Do you think that the ideas you received useful?
3. On the basis of foreign ideas you come up with new ideas? What?
Materials: cards, pens, marker and board
Duration - 30 min.
Some children with SEN exhibit aggressive behavior and oppositional behavior - often observed in children with autism, ADHD, emotional and behavioral disorders, mental retardation, children with communication disorders and communication. This behavior can take place in a variety of events - shoving, hitting slapping, biting, pinching, pulling, yelling, spitting, slam, verbal aggression - insults and profanity nezspazvane rules imposed by adults, socially unacceptable behavior . These act are mostly aimed at people close to the child - parents and teachers can sometimes be directed to other children. Generally, these children are difficult to "manage" and education. In some of the children's unconscious aggression ie they do not realize that cause harm and pain to another person or weakly realize it at other children's aggression is more conscious and deliberate. In the first case, the aggressive behavior is often a means of communication and a way to communicate to the child the surrounding world, that there are some needs and desires (especially in children who do not use language as a means of communication). Thus the child seeking attention to meet their needs simply because he has not learned of another way to do it. It is possible that aggression is the result of a painful situation for the child, of which he wishes to come out and it serves as a remedy.
Some children's aggression is deliberate ie they realize, or at least somewhat aware that what they do is wrong. These children use aggressive behavior as an attempt to control the situation in which they are located ie to act in this manner the adult, causing it to be afraid and to comply with their rules. These children are taught that their aggressive behavior "act" of adults to give them what they want.
There are different ways of dealing with aggressive behavior of children with SEN. It should be noted that aggression exhibit also children with typical (normal) development, as well as all adults in certain situations. Aggressiveness is a way to strengthen the individual and within certain limits each display aggression to achieve its objectives. This, you have to educate children is that there is a positive, constructive aggression and negative, destructive, causing pain and harm to others, regardless of what the initial intentions and your goals. Sashestvuvat different methods to curb aggressive behavior in children, which is socially unacceptable - a distraction to other favorite / interesting activity; ignoring the behavior when its purpose is to cause attention (however, if the situation permits); time out - violent child appears in a safe place for him and remain calm while only about 5 minutes, and of course there is not hurt. Another way to reduce the aggressive behavior of children is improving communication with them, providing opportunities for children to communicate otherwise wants and needs and to otherwise achieve objectives. May depart aggressive behavior by replacing it with an alternative behavior. Sometimes stopping the aggressive behavior of children with SEN is not an easy task and requires time, patience, creativity in teachers and parents. The smaller the child, the more quickly we can deal with aggressive behavior, as his nervous system and psyche in the process of rapid development and so we and easier to combat established invasive habits of the child.
Then given the following task: Participants have a 10 min. To write on a card first three ideas that they come to mind to deal with aggressive behavior of children with SEN. Each participant passed the card to your neighbor and also receive one. Decisions neighbor now urging finding new ideas. Buckets made full circle. Lead record new ideas of the participants.
Issues for comment:
1. How your ideas are similar to those you received?
2. Do you think that the ideas you received useful?
3. On the basis of foreign ideas you come up with new ideas? What?
Materials: cards, pens, marker and board
Duration - 30 min.
Development of skills to deal with the behavior of children with special educational needs (SEN) "Tough Kids" -sedma part
In music therapy as children can listen to and perform. Music is used in combination with dance moves. Even people with severe disorders benefit from music therapy.
In hospitals and offices of psychologists, counselors, doctors, dentists, music soothes, reduces anxiety and helps create the mood therapeutically. Deepest therapists use music to support the study of personality.
Most often, however, music therapy is used in children with mental retardation and physical disabilities. The following exceptions to the specified procedure does not apply to music therapy as a whole. There are numerous programs that apply to populations of different ages and abilities.
Recently emphasizes communication aspect of the music, which is why we offer the following method to extra and intrapsychic integration (between itself and internal social group - the very one that is relevant to adaptation), which can be used in most children with SEN (with excluding children with sensory disabilities to severe mental retardation and severe multiple disabilities, and some of the children with generalized developmental disorder). Lead play music that brings a certain mood. Every participant will be given cards which depict human faces expressing a particular emotion. This emotion must be connected to the main types of moods and music: joyful - sad, cheerful - tired, happy - angry, calm - excited brave - cowardly, slow - fast, festive - weekday, hot - cold, intimate - alienated, clear - moody, beautiful - ugly. Participants indicate that a card that reflects the corresponding emotion. Emphasis is placed on the position of the eyes, eyebrows, mouth. The aim is a better adaptation and social integration.
On the fundamental qualities of musical experience to build therapeutic goals of music therapy generally formulated in four cycles:
1. Activation of emotional processes and stimulating domestic processing and overcome the pathogenic conflicts.
2. Activate and unlock the social interactions of nonverbal level that help overcome behavioral disorders find the communication with pathogenic value.
3. Master the psychophysical stress.
4. Pedagogical purposes, without ceasing to be therapeutic.
According to some studies those sentiments as joy, sadness, love, longing, peace often wake up with music, while others such as anger, fear, jealousy and envy - not.
Impact of major and minor chords, tempo, loudness, rhythm, harmony and melody affects on human behavior has also been the subject of study. The rapid pace is the most powerful element in creating excitement. Expressiveness of music is due less to the melody than rhythm and tempo. Total and rhythmic patterns affect coordination, balance, rhythm and body creative and aesthetic effects, as well as the different moods. It is also believed that music expands the capacity of attention, reduces stress, facilitates self-expression, association and stimulates the imagination and helps the process of remembering. In conclusion it can be said that music therapy is a method widely used and very good therapeutic effect.
Lead / Galena Grozdanova / record title of the book and its author - Robert Lawrence Friedman - "The healing power of the drum" and the website for more information: www. libera-instite.com
Materials- board, marker, paper, materials for music therapy.
Vremetraene- 30 min.
12:45 pm. - Exercise №6 - "Aggressive behavior of children with SEN."
(Galena Grozdanova)
The leading theory provides for aggressive behavior in children with SEN.
I will now provide some theory of aggression in children with SEN and how to deal with it.
In hospitals and offices of psychologists, counselors, doctors, dentists, music soothes, reduces anxiety and helps create the mood therapeutically. Deepest therapists use music to support the study of personality.
Most often, however, music therapy is used in children with mental retardation and physical disabilities. The following exceptions to the specified procedure does not apply to music therapy as a whole. There are numerous programs that apply to populations of different ages and abilities.
Recently emphasizes communication aspect of the music, which is why we offer the following method to extra and intrapsychic integration (between itself and internal social group - the very one that is relevant to adaptation), which can be used in most children with SEN (with excluding children with sensory disabilities to severe mental retardation and severe multiple disabilities, and some of the children with generalized developmental disorder). Lead play music that brings a certain mood. Every participant will be given cards which depict human faces expressing a particular emotion. This emotion must be connected to the main types of moods and music: joyful - sad, cheerful - tired, happy - angry, calm - excited brave - cowardly, slow - fast, festive - weekday, hot - cold, intimate - alienated, clear - moody, beautiful - ugly. Participants indicate that a card that reflects the corresponding emotion. Emphasis is placed on the position of the eyes, eyebrows, mouth. The aim is a better adaptation and social integration.
On the fundamental qualities of musical experience to build therapeutic goals of music therapy generally formulated in four cycles:
1. Activation of emotional processes and stimulating domestic processing and overcome the pathogenic conflicts.
2. Activate and unlock the social interactions of nonverbal level that help overcome behavioral disorders find the communication with pathogenic value.
3. Master the psychophysical stress.
4. Pedagogical purposes, without ceasing to be therapeutic.
According to some studies those sentiments as joy, sadness, love, longing, peace often wake up with music, while others such as anger, fear, jealousy and envy - not.
Impact of major and minor chords, tempo, loudness, rhythm, harmony and melody affects on human behavior has also been the subject of study. The rapid pace is the most powerful element in creating excitement. Expressiveness of music is due less to the melody than rhythm and tempo. Total and rhythmic patterns affect coordination, balance, rhythm and body creative and aesthetic effects, as well as the different moods. It is also believed that music expands the capacity of attention, reduces stress, facilitates self-expression, association and stimulates the imagination and helps the process of remembering. In conclusion it can be said that music therapy is a method widely used and very good therapeutic effect.
Lead / Galena Grozdanova / record title of the book and its author - Robert Lawrence Friedman - "The healing power of the drum" and the website for more information: www. libera-instite.com
Materials- board, marker, paper, materials for music therapy.
Vremetraene- 30 min.
12:45 pm. - Exercise №6 - "Aggressive behavior of children with SEN."
(Galena Grozdanova)
The leading theory provides for aggressive behavior in children with SEN.
I will now provide some theory of aggression in children with SEN and how to deal with it.
Development of skills to deal with the behavior of children with special educational needs (SEN) "Tough Kids" -shesta part
Barabanoterapiya and music
Barabanoterapiya - When I pronounced the word "drum" (in English "drum") most people think of someone who is behind a set of drums and sticks varied rhythms basis for all other instruments. Until very recently, the words "drum" and "transformation" very rarely been used in the same sentence. Absorption of the healing qualities of barabanoterapiyata science is a relatively new achievement. According to recent studies and hand drum and its rhythms are tools for improving the state of illness, when medical science has few treatment options.
Hand drums are drams from different corners of the globe. They are not playing with sticks and hands. By barabanoterapiya can affect numerous diseases and conditions. It is part otmuzikoterapiyata and will now say a few words about the methods and techniques of work in music therapy.
Music therapy - music therapy is now an established method that can be applied to children with SEN. Music is an art form, to the social existence of man. From earliest childhood, a person has a certain means of expressing their feelings - mimetic expression, gestures, exclamations and words: singing and music expand and improve these tools. Music is the most emotional of all the arts. The musical language is a kind of aesthetic reflection of reality, with strong expression (external expressive) and dynamic nature, which enriches the sense of the world of the child with SEN and for itself is an immediate expression of the subjective world of human feelings.
There are two directions in music therapy:
1. Passive - organizer of music therapy the child fed with selected therapeutic music using instruments for reproduction (play) with the help of musical instruments.
The objectives are:
- Perception of music
- Perception of different tempos and dynamics
- Calm and relaxation by listening.
2. Active - individually or in groups, using simple tools.
- To carry out different tempos and dynamics
- Perform favorite songs
- Through individual and complex work by the leading children to be involved and detained in music therapy groups, thereby creating not only a habit, but also need to listen to music, and play.
The study of Kapurso classified 105 selected excerpts of musical works in four categories depending on the impact they have on listeners:
1. Happy, cheerful, stimulating, triumphant
2. Excited, anxious, irritable
3. nostalgic, sentimental, soothing, meditative, relaxing
4. Prayer, reverential
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Barabanoterapiya - When I pronounced the word "drum" (in English "drum") most people think of someone who is behind a set of drums and sticks varied rhythms basis for all other instruments. Until very recently, the words "drum" and "transformation" very rarely been used in the same sentence. Absorption of the healing qualities of barabanoterapiyata science is a relatively new achievement. According to recent studies and hand drum and its rhythms are tools for improving the state of illness, when medical science has few treatment options.
Hand drums are drams from different corners of the globe. They are not playing with sticks and hands. By barabanoterapiya can affect numerous diseases and conditions. It is part otmuzikoterapiyata and will now say a few words about the methods and techniques of work in music therapy.
Music therapy - music therapy is now an established method that can be applied to children with SEN. Music is an art form, to the social existence of man. From earliest childhood, a person has a certain means of expressing their feelings - mimetic expression, gestures, exclamations and words: singing and music expand and improve these tools. Music is the most emotional of all the arts. The musical language is a kind of aesthetic reflection of reality, with strong expression (external expressive) and dynamic nature, which enriches the sense of the world of the child with SEN and for itself is an immediate expression of the subjective world of human feelings.
There are two directions in music therapy:
1. Passive - organizer of music therapy the child fed with selected therapeutic music using instruments for reproduction (play) with the help of musical instruments.
The objectives are:
- Perception of music
- Perception of different tempos and dynamics
- Calm and relaxation by listening.
2. Active - individually or in groups, using simple tools.
- To carry out different tempos and dynamics
- Perform favorite songs
- Through individual and complex work by the leading children to be involved and detained in music therapy groups, thereby creating not only a habit, but also need to listen to music, and play.
The study of Kapurso classified 105 selected excerpts of musical works in four categories depending on the impact they have on listeners:
1. Happy, cheerful, stimulating, triumphant
2. Excited, anxious, irritable
3. nostalgic, sentimental, soothing, meditative, relaxing
4. Prayer, reverential
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Development of skills to deal with the behavior of children with special educational needs (SEN) "Tough Kids" -Five part
Stim, the boy was shaking his head back and forth. If so toddler not get enough sensory stimulation, it will become increasingly reclusive and distant from the world. If this is not corrected, while still small, is almost impossible to get him to change his behavior to unlearn it as more. It is especially difficult to have a child that both autistic and deaf. The more you connect with the outside world, the better. If this child was still closed in itself, it had to be diverted for home treatment. Long-term goals were to learn to wash their hands, eat, play some games and others.
As a therapist I aim to find ways to pull of his inner world and get him to notice what was happening around him. Encountered many difficulties in achieving this. The task is complicated by the fact that he was deaf and could not talk to him. Given that did not hear, the only way to communicate visual left. He could see things that were happening around him, but because he did not hear anything as if everything is happening only in his mind.
When the drums have provided something dramatically changes. It not only could see the drum, but feel its vibration. Through this the child began to realize that there is a man playing the drum and trying to touch him, to draw the eye and attention outside the world in which it is situated; began to associate this man with the drum.
When not playing the drums, his face expressionless, and when playing he was alive zapochvayashe smiling, laughing, jumping around and even dance to the rhythm. He loved to feel the skin of the drum and heard through his hands. At the moment beginning to drum vibrates, the boy immediately changed. He was almost like a normal child. The drum called him in our world.
Objectives and intentions that I was able to accomplish with that child, plus Shipping: develop rhythm concepts, improve motor skills, motivating the desire to explore the world of sound and vibration, improving communication, developing knowledge of the body, spatial and object concepts , imitatorskite skills, various emotional, social and sebepomagashti qualities, verbal skills, improve auditory perception and auditory development of motor coordination. He reacted to the drum with your voice - it was something that was previously not able to do.
As a therapist I aim to find ways to pull of his inner world and get him to notice what was happening around him. Encountered many difficulties in achieving this. The task is complicated by the fact that he was deaf and could not talk to him. Given that did not hear, the only way to communicate visual left. He could see things that were happening around him, but because he did not hear anything as if everything is happening only in his mind.
When the drums have provided something dramatically changes. It not only could see the drum, but feel its vibration. Through this the child began to realize that there is a man playing the drum and trying to touch him, to draw the eye and attention outside the world in which it is situated; began to associate this man with the drum.
When not playing the drums, his face expressionless, and when playing he was alive zapochvayashe smiling, laughing, jumping around and even dance to the rhythm. He loved to feel the skin of the drum and heard through his hands. At the moment beginning to drum vibrates, the boy immediately changed. He was almost like a normal child. The drum called him in our world.
Objectives and intentions that I was able to accomplish with that child, plus Shipping: develop rhythm concepts, improve motor skills, motivating the desire to explore the world of sound and vibration, improving communication, developing knowledge of the body, spatial and object concepts , imitatorskite skills, various emotional, social and sebepomagashti qualities, verbal skills, improve auditory perception and auditory development of motor coordination. He reacted to the drum with your voice - it was something that was previously not able to do.
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