Characteristics of mental development of children up to one year

Birth is a huge stress for both mother and child. It must adapt to the new environment. Largely continues newborn intrauterine development in external form and contact him with his obkrazhenie- physical and social, is not yet complete. The baby was born with congenital reflexes like blinking, sneezing, swallowing, breathing, sucking. It gradually began to fix the light reacts differently to different colors and different tastes, hears and reacts to certain smells. Signs of sensations of touch, heat and cold, but the lack of experience can not fix all these sensations. It attracts objects with bright colors. Appears interest in a toy, but does not stay for long. Performed first prehensile dvizheniya- began to hold a toy with both hands, paw her and thus begins to get to know the objects of the environment. Initially, the child does not distinguish between what is itself and what is beyond. In the first months the baby is not different people, but gradually began to show increasing attention to the outside world. Perceived his mother as part of themselves and it is the basis of his impressions and experiences. The mother is the person who most actively involved in raising the child. It satisfies all his needs and desires, which brings the child pleasure, comfort. But it is not always the only factor to satisfy the security is sometimes involved in hard causing concern situations, and in this perspective is becoming the child in an external object. You could say that it is the first 'I' 'of the child and the first' other '', the first person that it will gradually begin to perceive as different from him.
           For example, the child first smile of familiar people, especially her mother, while the appearance of strangers, becomes restless and starts to cry. This is a sign that individuals are known to be different from others. Perceptions gradually become more sustainable. The child recognize objects, persons. It actively seeks, embraces head and looks at the speech, music.
           The first emotional reactions of the child can be said that the employee "whole mental stage '' as develop and remain a place of any other element, hence the total and their absolute nature. Emotional speech baby is much poorer than ours and often is less understandable, but sigarnost not less eloquent.
           It begins with negative emotions, suggesting that the life of the child is not very pleasant. These emotions are expressed by muscle tension, sad facial expression, crying.
           From this initial despair, which will trigger the grief purely psychological sadness about the fifth month, features two large emotional totalities: fear and anxiety, on the one hand and aggression on the other. Jealousy appears at the end of the first year.

           In children there are hereditary and congenital fears. They acquire a conditioned reflex / as fear of dogs sudden onset / in imitation / example of fear of insects in a child whose mother exhibited such fear / by induction / 'will hurt' '/. Therefore, even though the baby will have panic attacks, it will not have Stahovs till, but the latter will umonozhat with his experiences and increased freedom of action.